A Framework for the Development, Design and Implementation of a Sustained Arctic Ocean Observing System

Lee, Craig M.; Starkweather, S.; Eicken, Hajo; Timmermans, Mary‐Louise; Wilkinson, Jeremy; Sandven, Stein; Dukhovskoy, Dmitry S.; Gerland, Sebastian; Grebmeier, Jacqueline M.; Intrieri, J. M.; Kang, Sung‐Ho; McCammon, Molly; Nguyen, Anhco; Polyakov, Igor V.; Rabe, Benjamin; Sagen, Hanne; Seeyave, Sophie; Volkov, Denis; Beszczynska-Möller, Agnieszka; Chafik, Léon; Dzieciuch, Matthew A.; Goñi, Gustavo; Hamre, Torill; King, Andrew L.; Olsen, Are; Raj, Roshin P.; Rossby, H. Thomas; Skagseth, Øystein; Søiland, Henrik; Sørensen, Kai

doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00451

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…Such research-to-operations transitions, although it is fundamental to the evolution of observing system implementation in general, remain challenging (Wilson 2010 ). This is true for both top-down and bottom-up approaches, as has been illustrated by recent reviews (Lee et al 2019 ).…”

Section: Connecting Top-down and Bottom-up Approaches: Benefits And Challengesmentioning

confidence: 58%

Connecting Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches in Environmental Observing

et al. 2021

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Effective responses to rapid environmental change rely on observations to inform planning and decision-making. Reviewing literature from 124 programs across the globe and analyzing survey data for 30 Arctic community-based monitoring programs, we compare top-down, large-scale program driven approaches with bottom-up approaches initiated and steered at the community level. Connecting these two approaches and linking to Indigenous and local knowledge yields benefits including improved information products and enhanced observing program efficiency and sustainability. We identify core principles central to such improved links: matching observing program aims, scales, and ability to act on information; matching observing program and community priorities; fostering compatibility in observing methodology and data management; respect of Indigenous intellectual property rights and the implementation of free, prior, and informed consent; creating sufficient organizational support structures; and ensuring sustained community members’ commitment. Interventions to overcome challenges in adhering to these principles are discussed.

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Section: Connecting Top-down and Bottom-up Approaches: Benefits And Challengesmentioning

confidence: 58%

Connecting Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches in Environmental Observing

et al. 2021

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“…Our study also underlines the challenges of evaluating satellite SSS, given the paucity of in-situ measurements. Enhancement of the in-situ observing system in the Arctic Ocean (e.g., Reference [40]) is important for improving satellite SSS for the Arctic Ocean. Improved satellite SSS in turn increases the sampling and coverage of the Arctic Ocean SSS field significantly, paving the way for an effective in-situ-satellite observing system for the Arctic Ocean.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and Intercomparison of SMOS, Aquarius, and SMAP Sea Surface Salinity Products in the Arctic Ocean

et al. 2019

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Salinity is a critical parameter in the Arctic Ocean, having potential implications for climate and weather. This study presents the first systematic analysis of 6 commonly used sea surface salinity (SSS) products from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Aquarius and Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellites and the European Space Agency (ESA) Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission, in terms of their consistency among one another and with in-situ data. Overall, the satellite SSS products provide a similar characterization of the time mean SSS large-scale patterns and are relatively consistent in depicting the regions with strong SSS temporal variability. When averaged over the Arctic Ocean, the SSS show an excellent consistency in describing the seasonal and interannual variations. Comparison of satellite SSS with in-situ salinity measurements along ship transects suggest that satellite SSS captures salinity gradients away from regions with significant sea-ice concentration. The root-mean square differences (RMSD) of satellite SSS with respect to in-situ measurements improves with increasing temperature, reflecting the limitation of L-band radiometric sensitivity to SSS in cold water. However, the satellite SSS biases with respect to the in-situ measurements do not show a consistent dependence on temperature. The results have significant implications for the calibration and validation of satellite SSS as well as for the modeling community and the design of future satellite missions.

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“…They include: increasing the pressure resistance of batteries (e.g. installation of pressure tolerant gel encapsulation battery technology which can increase energy capacity by over half (Kraken Robotics Inc., 2018 [54]) using novel battery techniques such as chargeable lithium-polymer or semi-fuel cell, and replacing conventional lithium batteries with hydrogen fuel cells (Maslin, 2019[55]) (Weydahl et al, 2020[56]).…”

Section: Sustained Presence At Sea Through Improvements In Power Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%