A framework for studying personality in the stress process.

Bolger, Niall; Zuckerman, Adam

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.69.5.890

Cited by 1,105 publications

(1,374 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This seems to be incompatible with the common definition of optimism as a personality disposition, although recent views of personality distinguish state and trait properties of optimism (Bolger and Zuckerman, 1995;Shifren, 1996). The sensitive state side of optimism may be considered relevant for therapeutic interventions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Is Optimism Sensitive to the Stressors of Chronic Disease? The Impact of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Multiple Sclerosis on Optimistic Beliefs

Fournier

Ridder

Bensing

2003

Psychology & Health

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The aim of the present study was to investigate longitudinally the sensitivity of optimistic beliefs (positive outcome expectancies, efficacy expectancies, and optimistic bias) to disease-related stress (measured by disease duration, depressive symptoms, physical symptoms, physical impairment, and life-events) in Type 1 diabetes (n ¼ 90) and multiple sclerosis (n ¼ 90). First, we examined whether chronically ill patients were less optimistic than a healthy control group (n ¼ 60), which showed that patients reported lower levels of optimistic bias but similar levels of the two other optimistic beliefs. Next, we analyzed the stability of the three types of optimistic beliefs across time (one year) for both disease groups, which demonstrated that optimistic bias in MS patients decreased. Finally, the impact of disease-related stressors on optimistic beliefs during a one-year period was determined, showing that all three optimistic beliefs decreased when patients reported depressive symptoms. Together, these findings show that positive outcome expectancies and efficacy expectancies were unaffected by being ill and fairly stable unless patients reported depressive symptoms while optimistic bias appeared to decrease as a result of being ill. Results are discussed in terms of the role of control and depression in optimistic bias.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Is Optimism Sensitive to the Stressors of Chronic Disease? The Impact of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Multiple Sclerosis on Optimistic Beliefs

Fournier

Ridder

Bensing

2003

Psychology & Health

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“…Individuals with high neuroticism have been reported to have higher levels of anger and depression when faced with interpersonal conflict than individuals with low neuroticism (Bolger and Zuckerman, 1995), as well as larger increases in anxiety in response to stressful events (Bolger, 1990). Personality researchers have long maintained that neuroticism is a vulnerability marker for depression and other comorbid psychiatric disorders (Khan et al, 2005;Ormel et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Cortisol Responses to Stress and Personality

Oswald

Zandi

Nestadt

et al. 2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

231

145

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Although there is growing evidence of links between the cortisol stress response and personality, the nature of the relationships and the underlying mechanisms require further clarification. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between personality traits and cortisol responses to stress using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory five-factor model of personality. In total, 68 healthy adults, aged 18-30 years, completed the personality assessment and underwent a laboratory psychological stress test that consisted of a 5 min speech and 5-min of mental arithmetic. Findings showed that in the sample as a whole, less Openness was associated with lower cortisol responses to the challenge. Cortisol responses also corresponded to certain personality dimensions in a gender-specific manner. Blunted cortisol responses were associated with higher Neuroticism in women and with lower Extraversion in men. These findings suggest that personality traits that have been traditionally associated with greater psychopathology were also associated with blunted HPA axis responses to stress.

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“…Higher neuroticism is associated with negative social interactions in general (McCrae & Costa, 2003) and interactions with spouse and family can involve tension and ambiguity (Fingerman et al, 2008;Hoppmann et al, 2011). In addition, individuals higher in neuroticism may be particularly uncomfortable about seeking out less familiar people, e.g., counselors (Bolger & Zuckerman, 1995), thus, friends may be the primary source for emotional support. arrangements and personal choices determine with whom and how older adults interact (Fingerman & Lang, 2004), including whether older adults decide to (re)marry or cohabit.…”

Section: Affect In the Context Of Social Partners And Individual Diffmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social partners and momentary affect in the oldest-old: The presence of others benefits affect depending on who we are and who we are with.

Chui¹,

Hoppmann²,

Gerstorf³

et al. 2014

Developmental Psychology

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There are well-documented links between social relationships and emotional well-being in old age, but little is known about daily life fluctuations in momentary affective experiences of the oldest-old while interacting with specific social partners. We examined associations between the presence of different types of social partners and moment-to-moment fluctuations in affect in the oldest-old, taking into account individual differences in gender, neuroticism, depressive symptoms, chronic health conditions, and loneliness. Participants (N = 74, M age = 88.7 years, range = 84 -102 years, 68% women) provided self-reports concurrently on the presence of social partners and subjective affective states six times a day for each of seven consecutive days (3,071 occasions, in total). Relative to being with other people, time spent alone was associated with lower positive affect in the oldest-old. Being with other family members and friends was associated with more positive affective experiences. Compared to men, women reported more negative affective experiences when they were with their spouses than when their spouses were not present. Individuals with more chronic health problems reported more negative affective experiences when they were with their spouses than not. Participants higher in neuroticism reported more positive affective experiences when they were with their friends, compared to times when their friends were not present. Finally, lonelier individuals reported more positive affective experiences when they were with their spouses than not. These findings suggest that affective experience is a function of individual differences and the type of social partners oldestold adults interact with in everyday life. We discuss how our findings can be generalized to oldest-olds of different marital statuses taking into account the proportion of widows in our sample as well as measurement specifics.

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A framework for studying personality in the stress process.

Cited by 1,105 publications

References 45 publications

Is Optimism Sensitive to the Stressors of Chronic Disease? The Impact of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Multiple Sclerosis on Optimistic Beliefs

Is Optimism Sensitive to the Stressors of Chronic Disease? The Impact of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Multiple Sclerosis on Optimistic Beliefs

Relationship between Cortisol Responses to Stress and Personality

Social partners and momentary affect in the oldest-old: The presence of others benefits affect depending on who we are and who we are with.

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