A four-terminal-pair Josephson impedance bridge combined with a graphene-quantized Hall resistance

Bauer, Stephan; Behr, R.; Elmquist, Randolph E.; Götz, Martín; Herick, Jonas; Kieler, Oliver; Kruskopf, Mattias; Lee, J; Palafox, L.; Pimsut, Yaowaret; Schurr, J.

doi:10.1088/1361-6501/abcff3

Cited by 9 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A copper foil shielding package is used to eliminate crosstalk and other electromagnetic interference signals in the measurement system. Bauer et al showed good results by screening the crosstalk between two JJ arrays in a four-terminal-pair impedance bridge [20,21]. The first spectral comparison of with and without shielding (crosstalks) in two JJ arrays is presented in this paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Fabrication and Characterization of a Quantum Voltage Noise Source Chip for a Johnson Noise Thermometer

Zhou

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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A Johnson noise thermometer (JNT) determines the thermodynamic temperature through cross-correlation measurement of the Johnson noise in a sense resistor at an unknown temperature. In the quantum voltage calibrated JNT system, a superconductive quantum voltage noise source (QVNS) is required to produce artificial pseudo-random noise to calibrate the gain of the cross-correlation electronics. In this paper, we present the design, fabrication, and characterization of the QVNS chip. Compared with our previous design, a new straightforward mirror symmetric layout is implemented. For this layout, the coplanar waveguides (CPWs) have the same lengths and transmission parameters. Equal pulse magnitudes are delivered to each Josephson junction array under the same output settings of the bipolar pattern generator. The modified QVNS chip is thereby enhanced because the quantum locking range is enlarged. A copper foil shielding package is used to eliminate crosstalk in this design. The first spectral comparison of two Josephson junction (JJ) arrays of with and without shielding is presented in this paper. The comparative results demonstrate that the shielding is effective. The abovementioned improvements enable us to synthesize both single and multitone waveforms with good spectral results, such that the chip satisfies the requirement of a QVNS-based JNT system for temperature measurements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Fabrication and Characterization of a Quantum Voltage Noise Source Chip for a Johnson Noise Thermometer

Zhou

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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“…The latter still provide measurements with the highest accuracy for the most demanding applications, including the realization of the capacitance unit from calculable capacitors or the ac quantized Hall resistance (QHR) through a quadrature bridge [2][3][4]. However, the digital bridges have been noticeably improving for impedance comparisons, offering many advantages through computer control and automation [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. In particular, Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizers establish a quantum-based voltage ratio standard that can be used for impedance comparisons at any phase angle [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the digital bridges have been noticeably improving for impedance comparisons, offering many advantages through computer control and automation [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. In particular, Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizers establish a quantum-based voltage ratio standard that can be used for impedance comparisons at any phase angle [5,6]. Digital signal sources custom-designed for impedance bridges have also shown great promise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another interesting approach [12] is to use commercial synthesizers that are then stabilized with a negative feedback loop, minimizing the bridge error signal. When the voltage ratio of two synthesized sources is used directly as the reference for impedance ratio measurements, as described in the literature [5][6][7][8][9][10][11], the stability of the voltage ratio can become a major limiting factor for the overall bridge performance. It appears that an underexplored research area is to mimic in the digital domains some analog techniques that are commonly used in the analog bridges to correlate and combine detector voltages, enabling suppression of the effect of source fluctuations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of a 100-pF Capacitor With a 12 906-Ω Resistor Using a Digital Impedance Bridge

Feige

Schlamminger

Koffman

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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We tested a digital impedance bridge in a hybrid structure for comparison of a capacitor with a resistor where the impedance ratio was measured in two separate parts. The modulus of the impedance ratio was matched arbitrarily close to the inputto-output ratio, in magnitude, of a two-stage inductive voltage divider by adjusting the operating frequency of the bridge; the residual deviation between the two together with the phase factor of the impedance ratio was measured using a custom detection system based on a four-channel 24-bit digitizer. The ratio of the inductive voltage divider was calibrated, in situ, using a conventional four-arm bridge with two known capacitors. Fluctuations of the source voltages were largely removed through postprocessing of the digitized data, and the measurement results were limited by the digitizer error. We have achieved an overall bridge resolution and stability of 0.02 μF/F in 2 hours for measuring a 100 pF capacitor relative to a 12906 Ω resistor at 1233 Hz. The relative combined standard uncertainty (k = 1) is 0.13 μF/F, dominated by the digitizer error.

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“…In this framework, an electronic and a Josephson impedance bridge were developed by INRIM [12], together with POLITO, and by PTB [13], respectively. An onsite comparison of the bridges was organized for their mutual validation and to assess their performance in the realization of the farad.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutual validation of PTB’s Josephson and INRIM-POLITO’s electronic impedance bridges for the realization of the farad from graphene quantum standards

Marzano¹,

Pimsut²,

Kruskopf³

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the 25th IMEKO TC4 International Symposium and 23rd International Workshop on ADC and DAC Modelling and Testing

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In the International System of Units, the impedance units can be realized from the quantum Hall effect, a macroscopic quantum phenomenon producing quantized resistance values. Established experiments employ individual GaAs devices [1], but novel materials such as graphene can be exploited to realize the units with relaxed experimental conditions. Furthermore, simple traceability chains can be implemented with novel digital impedance bridges. By combining novel digital impedance bridges and graphene quantum standards, an easy-to-operate and affordable impedance standard has been developed in the framework of the European EMPIR project 18SIB07 GIQS (Graphene Impedance Quantum Standards). An onsite comparison of an electronic and a Josephson impedance bridge developed at INRIM (Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Italy) together with POLITO (Politecnico di Torino, Italy) and at PTB (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Germany), respectively, were organized for their mutual validation in the realization of the farad from graphene quantum standards. The result of the comparison and the last progresses of the GIQS project are here presented.

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A four-terminal-pair Josephson impedance bridge combined with a graphene-quantized Hall resistance

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Fabrication and Characterization of a Quantum Voltage Noise Source Chip for a Johnson Noise Thermometer

Fabrication and Characterization of a Quantum Voltage Noise Source Chip for a Johnson Noise Thermometer

Comparison of a 100-pF Capacitor With a 12 906-Ω Resistor Using a Digital Impedance Bridge

Mutual validation of PTB’s Josephson and INRIM-POLITO’s electronic impedance bridges for the realization of the farad from graphene quantum standards

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