A four-oil intravenous lipid emulsion improves markers of liver function, triglyceride levels and shortens length of hospital stay in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Altered profile of plasma phospholipids in woman with recurrent pregnancy loss and recurrent implantation failure treated with lipid emulsion therapy

“…SMOFlipid ® has been identified in studies over the last 20 years as probably having the ideal n6/n3 PUFA ratio, providing immunological, anti-inflammatory effects associated with clinical benefits. 7 The greater relative abundance of PLs related to anti-inflammatory pathways found in the in the Live Birth group may explain the improvement in the anti-inflammatory response of the uterine environment,…”

“…6 Lipid emulsion therapy (LET) is a lipid emulsion for intravenous infusion for the treatment of critically ill or surgical patients unable to acquire adequate nutrients orally or enterally. 7 LET has been used in RPL and RIF treatments as it provides a more receptive environment to the embryo implantation by decreasing the exacerbated immune response 8 However, although the direct effect of LET on fertility is still not clear, it seems to depend on NK cytotoxicity inhibition, possibly mediated through short fatty acids stimulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. It has been shown that there is a decrease in NK cell cytotoxicity for several weeks after a single infusion of LET.…”

“…In the last two decades, efficacy evaluation studies have indicated SMOFlipid ® as having the probable optimal proportion of PUFA n6 to n3 series, and it would seem to provide immunological, anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative capabilities, in addition to the fact that SMOFlipid ® may be less toxic to the liver than soybean oil or olive oil. 7 Through endogenous synthesis, PUFAs of the n3 series, ALA, and the n6 series, LA, can give rise to lipid molecules with 20 carbons like arachidonic acid (AA) of the n6 series, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) of the n3 series and to other so-called eicosanoids that can act as signaling molecules or local hormones. Many eicosanoids have effects on inflammation and immunity, with prostaglandin E2 being the most widely studied and many have functions in the regulation of the female reproductive systems.…”

SMOFlipid Impact on Growth and Neonatal Morbidities in Very Preterm Infants

“…The major target of SMOFlipid is to reduce the soybean oil’s detrimental effects. A recent meta-analysis showed that SMOFlipid reduces the liver injury and hyperlipidemia and shortens the period of hospital stay; however, it could not reduce the important inflammatory markers in adults who are admitted for surgical reasons [ 10 ]. Another study found that SMOFlipid decreases the proportion of several essential fatty acids, including linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Commentary on “Guidelines for the provision of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition”

“…5 Evidence from numerous meta-analyses has shown improved clinical outcomes for PN with fish oil (FO)-containing ILEs. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] ESPEN ICU guidelines and expert recommendations relied on this evidence and recommend PN including ILE with a blend of fatty acids, including FO, can be provided 17,18 The aforementioned Critical Care Nutrition Guidelines also showed clinical benefits for ILEs containing FO. 4 Given the conflicting conclusions concerning ILE use reached by the current guidelines, we were surprised that results were not discussed in comparison with the literature.…”