A forgotten old disease: mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis in children

Abstract

Tuberculosis was not suspected in 54% of children with MTL, and they posed diagnostic dilemma on admission. Bronchoscopy must be used as a diagnostic tool in children where tuberculosis cannot be excluded by radiology or specific skin tests. Thoracotomy and excision may be necessary to treat the obstructive symptoms.

Posterior Mediastinal Tuberculous Lymphadenitis in a 4-Month-Old Boy With Respiratory Distress of Torpid Evolution

“…The mediastinal involvement can appear as a complication of pulmonary TB or as a primary form of TB without pulmonary involvement, as in our case. 5 The clinical course is variable; it can show exclusively respiratory symptoms or be associated with systemic symptoms such as fever or weight loss. 4,6 Our patient had presented with recurring episodes of fever and respiratory symptoms, apparently compatible with a viral respiratory tract infection.…”

Myasthenia Gravis Aggravated by Steroid-Induced Isolated Mediastinal Tuberculous Lymphadenitis

“…Geldmacher et al3 reported that lymph node involvement in extrapulmonary tuberculosis is most frequently found in the cervical lymph nodes, followed by the mediastinal, axillary, and inguinal lymph nodes, and that the incidence of lymph node tuberculosis without pulmonary involvement is approximately 5.2%, whereas that of isolated MTL is around 1.4%. Therefore, isolated MTL is not generally suspected because of the lack of constitutional symptoms, absence of an exposure history and palpable lymph nodes, and its low incidence 2,3. Thus, the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculous infections in patients with isolated MTL may often be significantly delayed.…”

“…Tuberculous infection is common in developed countries due to an increase in immigration, the pandemic outbreak of HIV infection, and drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mycobacterium tuberculosis ) infection 2. Most tuberculous infections are located in the lung, but reported 5-15% of such infections affect extrapulmonary tissues.…”

Mediastinal lymphadenopathy in a patient with previously treated T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

“…Mediastinal lymphadenopathy may occur as a complication of pulmonary tuberculosis or as a primary disease without pulmonary involvement. Tuberculous adenitis of the mediastinum manifests itself as dysphagia, stridor, acute respiratory distress, chest pain or perforation of the oesophagus or tracheobronchial tree 8 …”