A Food-Safety Risk Assessment of Mercury, Lead and Cadmium in Fish Recreationally Caught from Three Lakes in Poland

Abstract

Heavy metals are introduced into water due to anthropogenic activities and can significantly affect an entire ecosystem. Due to their close integration with the water environment, fish are a sensitive indicator of contamination. In addition, fish is an important element in human diets, therefore, monitoring the concentrations of metallic contaminants in their meat is particularly important for food safety. This study aimed to assess the pollution of water ecosystems with selected toxic heavy metals in lakes Dratów, Czarne Sosnowickie, and Syczyńskie. The concentration of Pb, Cd, and Hg in water, sediment, and freshwater fish muscle tissue was determined, and a food safety assessment was performed. The analysis of water and sediments showed that the sediments were characterised by a significantly higher concentration of heavy metals. Presumably, this ecosystem element plays an important role in the uptake of heavy metal contaminants by fish whose levels were higher in planktonophagous and benthophagous fish species as compared to predatory fish. The food safety assessment showed that amounts of heavy metals in the muscle tissue posed no threat to the health of consumers ingesting that fish species, neither individually (THQ) nor collectively (TTHQ).

Recent Progress in Nanotechnology-Based Approaches for Food Monitoring

“…Mercury, which generally is contained in saltwater species, agricultural products, and water, can cause problems in the respiratory system, nervous system, and kidneys [ 135 , 136 , 137 ]. A SERS model coupled with the colorimetric detection of mercury ions was developed by Song et al [ 138 ].…”

Cadmium Accumulation in the Goat Liver and Kidney Is Partially Promoted by the Upregulation of Metal Transporter Genes

“…Cadmium (Cd) is a worldwide contaminant heavy metal that has been classified as an environmental hazard and is present in various agricultural crops [ 1 ] and animal tissues [ 2 ]. Livestock exposed to plants with either high or low Cd contamination accumulate Cd within their tissues, which results in damage to the physiological and biochemical functions of various organs [ 3 , 4 ].…”