A fluorophotometric study of the effect of topical timolol on aqueous humor dynamics

Yablonski, Michael E.; Zimmerman, Thom J.; Waltman, Stephen R.; Becker, Bernard

doi:10.1016/0014-4835(78)90083-0

Cited by 283 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…9,10 Timolol is known to reduce IOP by decreasing the rate of aqueous flow. 11,12 As brimonidine tartarate 0.2% was administered twice daily concomitantly with timolol maleate 0.5%, an additive effect on IOP reduction can be expected, because of their different mechanisms in decreasing IOP. This study was conducted to research the additive effect of the combination of brimonidine and timolol.…”

Section: Eyementioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Like betaxolol and unlike timolol, brimonidine did not depress heart rate in subjects who received one drop of drug before undergoing exercise stress testing. 11 Heart rate was evaluated at each time point throughout the study. Changes in the mean heart rate and blood pressure were minimal, with no significant changes from the measurements taken at baseline or in the placebo group.…”

Section: Eyementioning

confidence: 99%

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A short term study of the additive effect of timolol and brimonidine on intraocular pressure

Arıcı

Sayici

Toker

et al. 2002

Eye

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A short term study of A Topalkara the additive effect of timolol and brimonidine on intraocular pressure AbstractPurpose To evaluate the additive ocular hypotensive effect of the combination of brimonidine and timolol on intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction in patients with glaucoma. Methods This was a prospective, randomized, double-masked, crossover study in 20 patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) on therapy receiving timolol maleate 0.5% twice daily, with IOP greater than or equal to 22 mmHg in one eye. The treatment period was 3 weeks and during this period timolol + brimonidine or timolol + placebo were applied topically twice daily and IOP, blood pressure, heart rate and pupil size were measured. Results Combined therapy (timolol + brimonidine) had clinically significant IOPlowering effect during the treatment period (P Ͻ 0.01). The mean diurnal IOP was significantly reduced by an average of 5.1-5.9 mmHg (21.2-24.5%) compared with baseline value. The timolol + placebo combination had no clinically significant IOP-lowering effect (P Ͼ 0.05). No clinically significant side effects were observed during the treatment of both groups. Conclusions This study showed that the combination of topically applied brimonidine and timolol cause a marked and sustained IOP reduction.

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Section: Eyementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Eyementioning

confidence: 99%

A short term study of the additive effect of timolol and brimonidine on intraocular pressure

Arıcı

Sayici

Toker

et al. 2002

Eye

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“…Eight fluorescein concentrations at the corneal peak from the scan at 8.00 a.m. of each eye were averaged to represent initial corneal fluorescence at 6 h (F6). The endothelial permeability to fluorescein was calculated from the transfer coefficient as follows: permeability = kc.ca × CT × 1.6, in which kc.ca is the cornea-to-anterior chamber transfer coefficient, as suggested in the Yablonski protocol [39], CT is the central corneal thickness measured by an ultrasonic pachometer, and 1.6 is the cornea-to-anterior chamber equilibrium distribution ratio determined by Jones and Maurice [40]and by Ota et al [41]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Contact Lenses on Corneal Endothelium – A Morphological and Functional Study

Chang

Lin

2001

Ophthalmologica

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Purpose: To study the corneal endothelial morphological changes and endothelial barrier function in contact lens wearers. Methods: Specular microscopy and anterior segment fluorophotometry were performed on 116 controls (group 1) and 76 daily wear soft contact lens wearers. Group 2 patients (n = 34) had been wearing contact lenses for less than 5 years and group 3 (n = 42) for more than 5 years. The relationship of corneal thickness, endothelial cell density, hexagonal cell percentage, coefficient of variation in cell area, corneal autofluorescence and corneal endothelial permeability to the contact lens wear duration was studied. Results: The average corneal thickness of contact lens wearers did not differ significantly from controls (0.533 ± 0.031, 0.538 ± 0.044, 0.532 ± 0.031 mm for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively; p = 0.89). However, there was a significant tendency toward corneal thinning with a longer history of contact lens wear (r = –0.31, p = 0.002 in groups 2 and 3). The percentage of hexagonal cells decreased with both increasing hours of contact lens wear per day (r = –0.36, p < 0.001) and the duration of contact lens wear in years (r = –0.33, p < 0.001), but there was no significant change in endothelial cell density in contact lens wearers. The coefficient of variation in cell size correlated more closely with increased hours of contact lens wear per day (r = 0.35, p = 0.002) than with the duration of contact lens wear in years (r = 0.12; p = 0.31). In the functional study, corneal autofluorescence increased in contact lens wearers (5.13 ± 0.71 ng/ml in group 1, 6.45 ± 2.03 ng/ml in group 2 and 7.21 ± 1.51 ng/ml in group 3, respectively, p < 0.001) and the mean endothelial permeability decreased in contact lens wearers (3.89 ± 0.95 ×10^–4/cm in group 1, 2.71 ± 0.73 × 10^–4/cm in group 2 and 2.95 ± 0.91 × 10^–4/cm in group 3, respectively, p = 0.003). Conclusions: Daily wear soft contact lenses caused morphological changes in the corneal endothelium. With an increasing span of contact lens wear, there was a significantly increased variation in cell size, a decreased hexagonal cell percentage, an evident intercellular dark area and rosette formation. The corneal autofluorescence increased and the overall endothelial permeability decreased as a consequence of contact lens wear. Contact lens wear also caused corneal thinning, and the cornea became thinner with increasing duration of contact lens wear.

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“…Back in the 1970s and 1980s, fluorophotometric studies in humans showed that topical β-blockers reduced AH secretion by 24% to 47% (Coakes and Brubaker 1978, Yablonski et al 1978, Dailey et al 1982, Reiss and Brubaker 1983. In addition, results of studies conducted on cats (Helal et al 1979, Liu et al 1980, monkeys (Takase 1976) and rabbits (Liu et al 1984) show that the IOP-lowering effect of β-blockers is the consequence of depressed AH production and is unrelated to enhancement of AH outflow facility.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…-β-adrenergic antagonists suppress (Takase 1976, Coakes and Brubaker 1978, Yablonski et al 1978, Helal et al 1979, Liu et al 1980, Dailey et al 1982, Reiss and Brubaker 1983, Liu et al 1984, while the agonists [salbutamol (Miichi andNagataki 1983, Coakes andSiah 1984) and terbutaline (Gharagozloo et al 1988a)] enhance AH formation.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic drugs in the treatment of canine and feline glaucoma – Part II: Medications that lower intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous humour production

Maślanka

2014

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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One characteristic of the most common types of glaucoma is increased intraocular pressure (IOP), which has a damaging effect on optic nerve axons, leading to progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells. Therefore, ocular hypotensive drugs are the mainstay of pharmacological therapy for glaucoma. This review article, which is the second part of a two-part series, is dedicated to autonomic drugs which lower IOP by decreasing the aqueous humour production. These agents are subdivided into two groups: β-adrenergic antagonists and selective α 2 -adrenergic agonists. This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge on the mechanism of action of these drugs and their effect on IOP in dogs and cats. Moreover, it discusses their possible undesirable side effects of these medications and presents the current ideas about their role and position in the medical management of glaucoma in small animals.

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A fluorophotometric study of the effect of topical timolol on aqueous humor dynamics

Cited by 283 publications

References 7 publications

A short term study of the additive effect of timolol and brimonidine on intraocular pressure

A short term study of the additive effect of timolol and brimonidine on intraocular pressure

Effects of Contact Lenses on Corneal Endothelium – A Morphological and Functional Study

Autonomic drugs in the treatment of canine and feline glaucoma – Part II: Medications that lower intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous humour production

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