A fluorine‐containing hydrophobically associating polymer. I. Synthesis and solution properties of copolymers of acrylamide and fluorine‐containing acrylates or methacrylates

Abstract

Fluorine‐containing hydrophobically associating polymers have been synthesized by copolymerization of acrylamide with a small amount of an acrylate or methacrylate having a fluorocarbon containing ester group. It was found that hydrophobic associations occurring between these fluorocarbon chains was stronger than the interactions of the corresponding hydrocarbon comonomers and depend on the length of the fluorocarbon chain. The rheological properties of the copolymer solutions were studied. The solutions were found to be highly pseudoplastic but the viscosity loss was completely reversible upon removal of shear. Evidence for hydrophobic association of the fluorocarbon groups was obtained by the dependence of the Brookfield viscosity on temperature, the addition of NaCl, and the addition of organic solvents, urea, and surfactants.

Polysoaps with fluorocarbon hydrophobic chains

“…Still, it is evident that the hydrophobized copolymer series 3a-3c and 4b-4c exhibit substantially lower t] ni values than poly-1 There is no indication of thickening effects as observed fo watersoluble copolymers with a very small fluorocarbon hydrophobe content [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]25]. Though effects due to strongly differing degrees of polymerization cannot be rigorously excluded as the molar masses are unknown, they are highly improbable as the polymerization conditions for the polymers were virtually identical.…”

“…In particular, the use of fluorocarbon hydrophobic chains in polymers has so far been very limited. The few studies have been restricted basically to water-soluble polymers which are weakly substituted with fluorocarbon chains to provide efficient thickeners [5][6][7][8][9][10], or to block copolymers [11][12][13][14][15] or oligomers [16,17] respectively. Examples for water-soluble polymers which are heavily substituted with fluorocarbon chains, as needed for polysoaps to enable intramolecular aggregation, are virtually missing.…”

Primary radical termination and unimolecular termination in the heterogeneous polymerization of acrylamide initiated by a fluorinated azo-derivative initiator: A kinetic study

“…1 Hydrophobic segments are generally introduced along the polymer backbone by copolymerization of acrylamide with a wide variety of comonomers bearing hydrophobic groups. [2][3][4][5] The micellar process is suitable for a blocky incorporation of the hydrophobes as well as for obtaining high molecular weights (typically, the weight-average molecular weight is greater than 10 6 ). 2 Both of these parameters are important for good viscosifying abilities.…”

Molecular concepts, self-organisation and properties of polysoaps

“…This borderline is very important, as slightly hydrophobized water-soluble polymers are known to aggregate mtermolecularly thus acting e.g. as thickeners [77,151,162,218,222,285,[294][295][296][297], whereas even lesser hydrophobized polymers do not aggregate at all. This is in contrast to the intramolecular aggregation of polysoaps producing solutions of very low viscosity (see Sects.…”