A Flexible Electrochemiluminescence Sensor Equipped With Vertically Ordered Mesoporous Silica Nanochannel Film for Sensitive Detection of Clindamycin

Abstract

Fast, convenient, and highly sensitive detection of antibiotic is essential to avoid its overuse and the possible harm. Owing to enrichment effect and antifouling ability of ultrasmall nanochannels, the vertically ordered mesoporous silica nanochannel film (VMSF) has great potential in the development of the facile electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor for direct and sensitive analysis of antibiotics in complex samples. In this study, we demonstrated a flexible ECL sensor based on a cost-effective electrode covered with a VMSF for sensitive detection of clindamycin. Polyethylene terephthalate coated with indium tin oxide (PET-ITO) is applied as a flexible electrode to grow VMSF using the electrochemically assisted self-assembly (EASA) method. The negatively charged VMSF nanochannels exhibit significant enrichment toward the commonly used cationic ECL luminophores, tris(2,2-bipyridyl) dichlororuthenium (II) (Ru (bpy)32+). Using the enhanced ECL of Ru (bpy)32+ by clindamycin, the developed VMSF/PET-ITO sensor can sensitively detect clindamycin. The responses were linear in the concentration range of 10 nM–25 μM and in the concentration range of 25–70 μM. Owing to the nanoscale thickness of the VMSF and the high coupling stability with the electrode substrate, the developed flexible VMSF/PET-ITO sensor exhibits high signal stability during the continuous bending process. Considering high antifouling characteristic of the VMSF, direct analysis of clindamycin in a real biological sample, human serum, is realized.

Nanochannel array modified three-dimensional graphene electrode for sensitive electrochemical detection of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and prochloraz

“…VMSFs have uniform and ordered arrays of nanochannels with adjustable diameters (2–11.8 nm, usually 2–3 nm), nanoscale film thicknesses (commonly 30–290 nm), and high porosity (∼75000 pore/μm ( Henry and Sisler, 1984 )) ( Yan and Su, 2016 ; Zhou et al, 2020 ; Walcarius, 2021 ). In a general solution environment, the protonation of the silanol groups (p K a 2–3) on the walls of VMSF nanochannels makes the surfaces negatively charged ( Nasir et al, 2018 ; Wei et al, 2022 ). The nanochannel space presents significant charge-selective permeability, which can effectively enrich positively charged substances and repel negatively charged substances ( Gong et al, 2022b ; Gong et al, 2022c ).…”

Vertically-Ordered Mesoporous Silica Films Grown on Boron Nitride-Graphene Composite Modified Electrodes for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Carbendazim in Real Samples

“…Porous materials have aroused growing attention in the construction of rapid and portable sensors ( Cui et al, 2020 ; Cui et al, 2021 ; Duan et al, 2021 ; Liu et al, 2022 ; Wei et al, 2022 ). Especially, vertically-ordered mesoporous silica films (VMSF) are a kind of porous material with perpendicularly ordered nanochannels and uniform pore size on a nanometer scale ( Walcarius, 2021 ; Ma et al, 2022a ).…”

A reagentless electrochemical immunosensor for sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen based on the interface with redox probe-modified electron transfer wires and effectively immobilized antibody

“…These detection strategies usually suffer from expensive instruments, special reagents, and skilled operations. In comparison with other detection strategies (for example, optical technology) ( Zhang et al, 2020 ; Zhao et al, 2020 ; Deng et al, 2021 ; Wan et al, 2021 ; Zhu et al, 2022a ), electrochemical sensing has attracted extensive attention because of its fast detection speed, a simple instrument, easy integration, and miniaturization ( Asif et al, 2018 ; Ashraf et al, 2019 ; Aziz et al, 2019 ; Liu et al, 2020 ; Ashraf et al, 2021a ; Ashraf et al, 2021b ; Deng et al, 2021 ; Zhang et al, 2022a ; Zhu et al, 2022b ; Wei et al, 2022 ; Zhong et al, 2022 ; Zhou et al, 2022 ). The development of a novel electrochemical immunosensor for simple and highly sensitive detection of CEA is of great significance.…”