A flexible and swift approach for 3D image–based survey in a cave

Alessandri, Luca; Baiocchi, Valerio; Pizzo, Silvio Del; Ciaccio, Fabiana Di; Onori, M.; Rolfo, Mario Federico; Troisi, S.

doi:10.1007/s12518-020-00309-4

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…On the other hand, photographs usually have a better interpretation of surface linear features, image-based modeling and computer vision techniques are adequate to achieve high-resolution spatial data useful for modeling small-scale artifacts. The main challenges are the lack of scale information and the close spaced images required for an efficient matching process [33].…”

Section: Multi-scalar Recording Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Color and Laser Data as a Complementary Approach for Heritage Documentation

Alshawabkeh

2020

Remote Sensing

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Heritage recording has received much attention and benefits from recent developments in the field of range and imaging sensors. While these methods have often been viewed as two different methodologies, data integration can achieve different products, which are not always found in a single technique. Data integration in this paper can be divided into two levels: laser scanner data aided by photogrammetry and photogrammetry aided by scanner data. At the first level, superior radiometric information, mobility and accessibility of imagery can be actively used to add texture information and allow for new possibilities in terms of data interpretation and completeness of complex site documentation. In the second level, true orthophoto is generated based on laser data, the results are rectified images with a uniform scale representing all objects at their planimetric position. The proposed approaches enable flexible data fusion and allow images to be taken at an optimum time and position for radiometric information. Data fusion usually involves serious distortions in the form of a double mapping of occluded objects that affect the product quality. In order to enhance the efficiency of visibility analysis in complex structures, a proposed visibility algorithm is implemented into the developed methods of texture mapping and true orthophoto generation. The algorithm filters occluded areas based on a patch processing using a grid square unit set around the projected vertices. The depth of the mapped triangular vertices within the patch neighborhood is calculated to assign the visible one. In this contribution, experimental results from different historical sites in Jordan are presented as a validation of the proposed algorithms. Algorithms show satisfactory performance in terms of completeness and correctness of occlusion detection and spectral information mapping. The results indicate that hybrid methods could be used efficiently in the representation of heritage structures.

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Section: Multi-scalar Recording Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, radiometric variations in different images can also cause matching failures [30][31][32]. To date, no practical results have been available for large-complex structures or performance evaluations using image-based modeling [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color and Laser Data as a Complementary Approach for Heritage Documentation

Alshawabkeh

2020

Remote Sensing

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“…The aqueduct profiles were drawn using terrestrial photogrammetry based on SFM techniques (Ullman and Brenner, 1979), currently the subject of several studies in the literature (Alessandri et al, 2020;Caroti et al, 2015;Masiero et al, 2019). Different portions of the site (as is often the case for areas lower than the ground level) have different insolation conditions which also depends on the acquisition time.…”

Section: The Photogrammetric Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Branch of the Anio Novus Aqueduct (Rome, Italy) Revealed by Archaeology and Geophysics

Blanco¹,

Alessandri

Baiocchi

et al. 2021

ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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Abstract. The area south-east of Rome is characterised by the presence of several roman aqueducts which brought water to the eternal city from the Apennine and Alban Hills springs. In the last 40 years, several pieces of evidence about these aqueducts were acquired during the realisation of archaeological test trenches before building activities. In 2019, a small branch of a subterranean aqueduct unknown to the Latin sources was unearthed in Via dei Sette Metri. Here we show that this aqueduct is a lateral branch of the Anio Novus, a major imperial aqueduct built between 38 and 52 CE. To achieve this result, we employed detailed photogrammetric restitution of the new aqueduct and an integrated geophysical survey focused in the area where the Anio Novus was supposed to pass. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) methods were used to reconstruct aqueduct paths and their relative heights. Different light conditions were tested during the picture acquisition step to determine the best practice in the photogrammetric restitution. The results obtained in this study confirmed the great effectiveness of the integration between geophysical investigation methods and the modern archaeology approach in detecting buried ancient structures.

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“…The images are elaborated by software packages which use well-established algorithms to extract the geometry of the 3D model according to shared points of interest between two adjacent images. A loss of information could occur during the acquisition, hence a minimum overlapping percentage of 65-85% should be assured (Alessandri et al, 2020). Some targets could be placed inside and outside the cave to help the orientation of the images.…”

Section: The Cave Environment and Survey Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fusion of External and Internal 3d Photogrammetric Models as a Tool to Investigate the Ancient Human/Cave Interaction: The La Sassa Case Study

Alessandri

Baiocchi

Pizzo

et al. 2020

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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Abstract. Caves have been used by humans and animals for several thousand years until present but, at these time scales, their structures can rapidly change due to erosion and concretion processes. For this reason, the availability of precise 3D models improves the data quality and quantity allowing the reconstruction of their ancient appearance, structure and origin. However, caves are usually characterised by lack of light, high percentage of relative humidity, narrow spaces and complex morphology. Thus, quite often the traditional topographic instruments cannot be employed. In the La Sassa cave (Sonnino, Italy) a huge deposit ranging from Pleistocene to the Second World War has been found and stratigraphic evidence suggested that the shape of the cave and its entrance might have been different. In this paper, the fusion of the internal and external 3D photogrammetric models of the La Sassa, made to support the archaeological excavations, is presented, A Nikon camera with a fisheye lens and a smartphone camera have been used to survey the internal part of the cave, while an aerial drone has been employed for the external area. The two models have been georeferenced and scaled using GCPs acquired by a double frequency GNSS (GPS and GLONASS) receiver. A low-resolution DTM derived from a previous aerial laser scanning survey and the 3D models have been elaborated in CloudCompare environment to highlight the complete morphology of the cave and its surroundings.

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A flexible and swift approach for 3D image–based survey in a cave

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

Color and Laser Data as a Complementary Approach for Heritage Documentation

Color and Laser Data as a Complementary Approach for Heritage Documentation

A New Branch of the Anio Novus Aqueduct (Rome, Italy) Revealed by Archaeology and Geophysics

The Fusion of External and Internal 3d Photogrammetric Models as a Tool to Investigate the Ancient Human/Cave Interaction: The La Sassa Case Study

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