A Fibrosarcoma in the Skeletal Muscle of a Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris)

Stoffregen, Dana A.; Prowten, Allan W.; Steinberg, Howard; Anderson, Wayne I.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-29.2.345

Cited by 5 publications

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“…This is the first known report of squamous cell carcinoma in a capybara. The only similar previous report described a fibrosarcoma in an 8-year-old capybara [ 19 ], far older than the capybara presently reported. Capybaras live for 8 to 10 years [ 4 ], and in guinea pigs, which are closely related to capybaras, tumors are more prevalent in older animals [ 9 ].…”

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confidence: 61%

“…Although many capybaras are maintained in zoos, aquariums and breeding farms worldwide, few studies have investigated capybaras diseases [ 6 , 12 ]. Moreover, only 1 study has reported a spontaneous tumor in a capybara [ 19 ], and previous literature had not listed reports of tumors in this species [ 5 , 13 ]. Guinea pigs, another member of the family Caviidae , are closely related to capybaras [ 14 ] and are frequently used experimentally.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Very few studies have investigated the diseases of capybara [ 6 , 19 ]. Scabies, ticks in the genus Amlyomma , helminthes, coccidia, trypanosomiasis, brucellosis and sanitary management in breeding farms are mainly reported [ 6 ], while studies of noninfectious diseases, particularly neoplasia, are scarce [ 6 , 19 ]. This is the first known report of squamous cell carcinoma in a capybara.…”

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Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Capybara (<i>Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris</i>)

Hamano

Terasawa²,

Tachikawa³

et al. 2014

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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A 4-year and 2-month-old male capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma on the buttocks after chronic recurrent dermatosis. The capybara was euthanized, examined by computed tomography and necropsied; the tumor was examined histologically. Computed tomography showed a dense soft tissue mass with indistinct borders at the buttocks. Histological examination of the tumor revealed islands of invasive squamous epithelial tumor cells with a severe desmoplastic reaction. Based on the pathological findings, the mass was diagnosed as a squamous cell carcinoma. This is the first study to report squamous cell carcinoma in a capybara.

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confidence: 61%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Capybara (<i>Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris</i>)

Hamano

Terasawa²,

Tachikawa³

et al. 2014

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“… 1 , 19 In contrast, there are few reports of disease in captive capybara. 9 Fatal placental subinvolution was reported in an adult female, 10 and neoplasia has only been reported twice: an intramuscular fibrosarcoma in an aged male 17 and a cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with regional lymph node metastasis in an adult male. 9 We describe here leiomyosarcoma in an aged capybara.…”

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Leiomyosarcoma with widespread metastases in a capybara

2022

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A 10.5-y-old intact female capybara ( Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) with a history of chronic weight loss was euthanized following discovery by palpation of a large intra-abdominal mass. Postmortem examination revealed a large, firm, tan mass expanding the uterine body and extensively adhered to the jejunum and abdominal wall. Numerous pinpoint to 3-cm diameter, tan-to-red, raised masses were present throughout the parietal peritoneum, liver, lungs, and intestinal serosa. Histologic examination of the uterine mass revealed well-differentiated smooth muscle intermixed with abundant collagen, interspersed with a highly anaplastic spindle cell population extending to the serosa; the masses in the lung, liver, and peritoneum were histologically very similar to the anaplastic uterine spindle cells. Immunohistochemical staining of the uterus and lung confirmed smooth muscle origin of the anaplastic cells. To our knowledge, leiomyosarcoma has not been reported previously in a capybara, and the widespread metastases in this case represent an unusually aggressive presentation of this rare malignancy. The animal also had an incidental dermal histiocytoma, a tumor that has also not been reported previously in this species, to our knowledge.

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How to Make a Rodent Giant: Genomic Basis and Tradeoffs of Gigantism in the Capybara, the World’s Largest Rodent

Herrera‐Álvarez

Karlsson

Ryder

et al. 2020

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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Gigantism results when one lineage within a clade evolves extremely large body size relative to its small-bodied ancestors, a common phenomenon in animals. Theory predicts that the evolution of giants should be constrained by two tradeoffs. First, because body size is negatively correlated with population size, purifying selection is expected to be less efficient in species of large body size, leading to increased mutational load. Second, gigantism is achieved through generating a higher number of cells along with higher rates of cell proliferation, thus increasing the likelihood of cancer. To explore the genetic basis of gigantism in rodents and uncover genomic signatures of gigantism-related tradeoffs, we assembled a draft genome of the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), the world’s largest living rodent. We found that the genome-wide ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous mutations (ω) is elevated in the capybara relative to other rodents, likely caused by a generation-time effect and consistent with a nearly-neutral model of molecular evolution. A genome-wide scan for adaptive protein evolution in the capybara highlighted several genes controlling post-natal bone growth regulation and musculoskeletal development, which are relevant to anatomical and developmental modifications for an increase in overall body size. Capybara-specific gene-family expansions included a putative novel anticancer adaptation that involves T cell-mediated tumor suppression, offering a potential resolution to the increased cancer risk in this lineage. Our comparative genomic results uncovered the signature of an intragenomic conflict where the evolution of gigantism in the capybara involved selection on genes and pathways that are directly linked to cancer.

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A Fibrosarcoma in the Skeletal Muscle of a Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris)

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Capybara (<i>Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris</i>)

Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Capybara (<i>Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris</i>)

Leiomyosarcoma with widespread metastases in a capybara

How to Make a Rodent Giant: Genomic Basis and Tradeoffs of Gigantism in the Capybara, the World’s Largest Rodent

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