A feeling for the future: How does agency in time metaphors relate to feelings?

Richmond, Jill; Wilson, John T.; Zinken, Jörg

doi:10.1002/ejsp.1906

Cited by 55 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…What day is the meeting now that is has been rescheduled?” [8,13,14]. The question was first applied by McGlone and Harding [12], and has since been validated and replicated numerous times (e.g., [15,16]). For an example on how to examine Clark’s two frames of reference proposal for the spatial domain, please consult Fig 1 (and its figure caption for an explanation).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does movement influence representations of time and space?

2017

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Embodied cognition posits that abstract conceptual knowledge such as mental representations of time and space are at least partially grounded in sensorimotor experiences. If true, then the execution of whole-body movements should result in modulations of temporal and spatial reference frames. To scrutinize this hypothesis, in two experiments participants either walked forward, backward or stood on a treadmill and responded either to an ambiguous temporal question (Experiment 1) or an ambiguous spatial question (Experiment 2) at the end of the walking manipulation. Results confirmed the ambiguousness of the questions in the control condition. Nevertheless, despite large power, walking forward or backward did not influence the answers or response times to the temporal (Experiment 1) or spatial (Experiment 2) question. A follow-up Experiment 3 indicated that this is also true for walking actively (or passively) in free space (as opposed to a treadmill). We explore possible reasons for the null-finding as concerns the modulation of temporal and spatial reference frames by movements and we critically discuss the methodological and theoretical implications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does movement influence representations of time and space?

2017

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“…Indeed, research shows that people tend to be consistent in their representations of time, such that people who imagine moving forward a meeting scheduled for Wednesday by 2 days to Monday (as opposed to Friday) are also more likely to imagine moving forward a meeting scheduled for noon by 2 hours to 10 am (as opposed to 2 pm) (Núñez et al., ; cf. Richmond et al., ). However, these measures have yet to be used in conjunction with the sampling of real‐world behaviors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent lines of research have extended beyond demonstrating the psychological reality of space‐time metaphors, providing initial evidence that personality differences and emotional experiences, particularly those grounded in spatial schemas, may also influence an individual's approach to time and resulting resolution of temporal ambiguity (Duffy & Feist, ; Hauser et al., ; Richmond et al., ; see also Lee & Ji, ; Margolies & Crawford, ; Ruscher, ). However, these studies have all relied on participants' self‐reports regarding personality traits, introducing a measure of uncertainty into the conclusions regarding the connections uncovered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 98%

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Moving Through Time: The Role of Personality in Three Real‐Life Contexts

2014

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In English, two deictic space-time metaphors are in common usage: the Moving Ego metaphor conceptualizes the ego as moving forward through time and the Moving Time metaphor conceptualizes time as moving forward toward the ego (Clark, 1973). Although earlier research investigating the psychological reality of these metaphors has typically examined spatial influences on temporal reasoning (e.g., Boroditsky & Ramscar, 2002), recent lines of research have extended beyond this, providing initial evidence that personality differences and emotional experiences may also influence how people reason about events in time (Duffy & Feist, 2014; Hauser, Carter, & Meier, 2009; Richmond, Wilson, & Zinken, 2012). In this article, we investigate whether these relationships have force in real life. Building on the effects of individual differences in self-reported conscientiousness and procrastination found by Duffy and Feist (2014), we examined whether, in addition to self-reported conscientiousness and procrastination, there is a relationship between conscientious and procrastinating behaviors and temporal perspective. We found that participants who adopted the Moving Time perspective were more likely to exhibit conscientious behaviors, while those who adopted the Moving Ego perspective were more likely to procrastinate, suggesting that the earlier effects reach beyond the laboratory.

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“…In contrast, applying the event-moving perspective has been associated with a sense of helplessness and depression for future events (Lee & Ji, 2014;Richmond, Wilson, & Zinken, 2012). Previous studies indicate that using the ego-moving representation of time for an upcoming event is associated with happiness, increased self-esteem and a sense of empowerment over an upcoming event.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Children's psycho‐spatial understanding of affect‐based time: The developmental trajectories of ego‐ and event‐moving perspectives

McAfee

Wyckoff

Choe

2018

Infant and Child Development

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Time is closely linked to people's representation of spatial experience. Previous research showed that adults primed with positive affect judged that they were approaching the event (ego‐moving), whereas those primed with negative affect reported that the event was approaching them (event‐moving). The present research investigated the developmental sensitivity towards psycho‐spatial understanding by examining the role of positive and negative affect on children's perception of time. In Study 1, when tested in a within‐subjects design, 5‐, 7‐, and 9‐year‐olds as well as adults made ego‐moving judgments in response to an object of the positive event that was to happen in 2 days. However, by 9 years, children made adult‐like event‐moving responses to an object that stood for the negative affect. Five‐year‐olds continued to make ego‐moving judgments in the negative valence condition, whereas 7‐year‐olds' responses were in transition. Study 2 replicated the full developmental pattern found in Study 1, even when the positive and negative affect events were towards the identical object in the between‐subjects design and the time span was shortened to a few minutes. Implications of the affective spatiotemporal perception of time were further discussed in relation to the sense of agency. Highlights We uncover the pattern of developmental sensitivity towards the psycho‐spatial embodiment of time, in relation to a positive or negative event. Vignettes were used to ascertain participant's psycho‐spatial view of time in relation to valence; 9‐year‐olds had an adult‐like understanding. Teaching children to use different psycho‐spatial agentic perspectives has the potential to help children at risk of anxiety and depression.

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A feeling for the future: How does agency in time metaphors relate to feelings?

Cited by 55 publications

References 47 publications

Does movement influence representations of time and space?

Does movement influence representations of time and space?

Moving Through Time: The Role of Personality in Three Real‐Life Contexts

Children's psycho‐spatial understanding of affect‐based time: The developmental trajectories of ego‐ and event‐moving perspectives

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