A fatal case of rapid gingival enlargement: Case report with brief review

Abstract

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary tumor composed of primitive granulocytic cells. These lesions are commonly associated with other hematologic disorders such as myeloid leukemia and other myeloproliferative neoplasms. Although extremely rare in the oral cavity, this lesion was reported in gingiva, palate, buccal mucosa and extraction sockets. MS is an aggressive lesion associated with poor prognosis. Early identification and prompt treatment holds the key for increasing the disease-free period in these patients. In this context, we report a rare and aggressive case of MS, which ran a fatal course in a 45-year-old female patient.

Oral manifestations of leukemia as part of early diagnosis

“…The oral MOLs were in gingival tissue (63.63%), 9 , 12 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 21 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 30 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 15 , 40 alveolar and jugal mucosa (18.18%) 14 , 18 , 21 , 22 , 26 , 28 and hard or soft palate (18.18%). 9 , 11 , 15 , 16 , 27 , 30 Other regions, such as the floor of the mouth (12.12%), 13 , 16 , 23 , 38 tongue (9.09%), 13 , 33 , 39 lip (3.03%), 13 parotid glands (3.03%), 10 and nasolabial region (3.03%), 26 were less frequent.…”

Gingival proliferative growth – stress and cytoarchitecture related with fixed and mobile orthodontic therapy

“…Orthodontic treatments may have, in the background, oral clinical manifestations which cannot be seen on radiographs, such as labial desquamation [ 28 ], gingival enlargement [ 29 , 30 , 31 ], erythema multiforme [ 32 ] and gingivitis [ 33 ].…”

Intraoral granulocytic sarcoma as a manifestation of myelofibrosis: A case report and review of the literature

“…As the clinical features of this lesion are nonspecific, a diagnosis based only on clinical and radiographic features is difficult, especially in patients with unknown hematological disease. Oral GS can be misdiagnosed as NHL or squamous cell carcinoma . Regarding the analysis of biopsies, Pau et al .…”

“…GS originates from bone marrow and spreads via Haversian canals to reach the subperiosteal bone region, spreading the tumor cells to other regions of the body . The most common site of GS is the skin, presenting as multiple papules, plaques, and nodules.…”

“…The head and neck region is affected in 12% to 43% of GS cases, and intraoral involvement is uncommon. Intraoral GS may appear as a solitary or multiple asymptomatic nodule, diffuse gingival enlargement, or as an intraosseous lesion …”