A fatal case of meningoencephalitis due to a free-living amoeba of uncertain identity—probably acanthamoeba SP

Carter, Rodney F.; Cullity, G. J.; Ojeda, Victor J.; Silberstein, Peter T.; Willaert, E

doi:10.3109/00313028109086829

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The authors described the presence of amoebic forms distinct from Entamoeba histolytica and similar to FLA (Fowler & Carter, 1965). Although the aetiological agent was not identified by autopsy, later, the scientific community considered that N. fowleri was the aetiological agent (Carter, 1969;Carter et al, 1981;Marciano-Cabral, 1988). After these reports, many cases of PAM were reported in different countries, such as the USA (Butt et al, 1968;MarcianoCabral & Cabral, 2007;Yoder et al, 2010), Australia (Fowler & Carter, 1965;Norton et al, 2010) and the Czech Republic .…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Naegleria fowleri after 50 years: is it a neglected pathogen?

Martínez-Castillo

Cardenas-Zuniga

Coronado-Velázquez

et al. 2016

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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It has been 50 years since the first case of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), an acute and rapidly fatal disease of the central nervous system (CNS), was reported in Australia. It is now known that the aetiological agent of PAM is Naegleria fowleri, an amoeba that is commonly known as 'the brain-eating amoeba'. N. fowleri infects humans of different ages who are in contact with water contaminated with this micro-organism. N. fowleri is distributed worldwide and is found growing in bodies of freshwater in tropical and subtropical environments. The number of PAM cases has recently increased, and the rate of recovery from PAM has been estimated at only 5 %. Amphotericin B has been used to treat patients with PAM. However, it is important to note that there is no specific treatment for PAM. Moreover, this amoeba is considered a neglected microorganism. Researchers have exerted great effort to design effective drugs to treat PAM and to understand the pathogenesis of PAM over the past 50 years, such as its pathology, molecular and cellular biology, diagnosis and prevention, and its biological implications, including its pathogenic genotypes, its distribution and its ecology. Given the rapid progression of PAM and its high mortality rate, it is important that investigations continue and that researchers collaborate to gain better understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease and, consequently, to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this devastating infection of the CNS.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Naegleria fowleri after 50 years: is it a neglected pathogen?

Martínez-Castillo

Cardenas-Zuniga

Coronado-Velázquez

et al. 2016

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…1B). 3 The antileptomyxid serum did not react with the heterologous ameba at this dilution. Rabbit anti-B.…”

Section: Amebic Meningoencephalitis Caused By Balamuthia Mandrillarismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,7 Teratomas and germcell tumors in general are mostly found in the gonads but sometimes occur in the neck or along the midline of the brain, generally involving the suprasellar, thalamic, or pineal regions. 3,5,9 In veterinary medicine, intracranial germ-cell tumors have been reported mostly in dogs 3,12,13,19 but also in the duck, 4 rat, 16 chicken, 8 horse, 10 and rabbit. 2 The affected animals were generally juveniles or young adults.…”

Section: Intracranial Teratoma and Dermoid Cyst In A Kittenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amebic Meningoencephalitis Caused by Balamuthia Mandrillaris (Leptomyxid Ameba) in a Horse

Kinde¹,

Visvesvara

Barr

et al. 1998

J VET Diagn Invest

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“…Three cases of Acanthamoeba GAE have been described in Australia [6][7][8] . Acanthamoeba sp tolerate a wide range of temperature, pH and osmolarity 9 and may be found in air, soil and water samples.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Free living amoebae and human disease

Bursle¹,

Robson²

2016

Microbiol. Aust.

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Pathogenic FLA are ubiquitous protozoans and despite frequent human contact remain a rare cause of often devastating infection with poor prognosis. Given changes in climate, human encroachment into the environment, increasing immunosuppression, and improving diagnostic capacity, it is likely we will see increased cases in the future. Early diagnosis is challenging but crucial to achieving a favourable outcome. It is best facilitated by improved awareness of FLA disease, appropriate clinical suspicion and early diagnostic testing.

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A fatal case of meningoencephalitis due to a free-living amoeba of uncertain identity—probably acanthamoeba SP

Cited by 33 publications

References 20 publications

Naegleria fowleri after 50 years: is it a neglected pathogen?

Naegleria fowleri after 50 years: is it a neglected pathogen?

Amebic Meningoencephalitis Caused by Balamuthia Mandrillaris (Leptomyxid Ameba) in a Horse

Free living amoebae and human disease

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