A fast radio burst associated with a Galactic magnetar

Bochenek, Christopher; Ravi, Vikram; Belov, K.; Hallinan, Gregg; Kocz, J.; Kulkarni, S. R.; McKenna, Dan

doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2872-x

Cited by 640 publications

(513 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…On 2020 April 27, a multitude of wide field-of-view instruments detected intense bursting activity from SGR1935 +2154, comprising its most prolific episode since discovery (Fletcher & Fermi GBM Team 2020;Palmer 2020;Younes et al 2020c). Hours after the initial trigger, an intense radio burst from the direction of SGR1935+2154 was independently detected with the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME; CHIME/FRB Collaboration et al 2020) and the Survey for Transient Astronomical Radio Emission 2 (STARE2; Bochenek et al 2020) radio telescopes at 400-800 MHz and 1.4 GHz, respectively. This radio burst had a fluence of the order of 1MJyms, bright enough to be potentially detectable at distances of several tens of megaparsecs by existing large radio facilities (Bochenek et al 2020); this places it close to the faint end of the extragalactic fast radio burst (FRB) population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hours after the initial trigger, an intense radio burst from the direction of SGR1935+2154 was independently detected with the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME; CHIME/FRB Collaboration et al 2020) and the Survey for Transient Astronomical Radio Emission 2 (STARE2; Bochenek et al 2020) radio telescopes at 400-800 MHz and 1.4 GHz, respectively. This radio burst had a fluence of the order of 1MJyms, bright enough to be potentially detectable at distances of several tens of megaparsecs by existing large radio facilities (Bochenek et al 2020); this places it close to the faint end of the extragalactic fast radio burst (FRB) population. Simultaneous to the radio burst, multiple hard X-ray telescopes detected a magnetar-like burst from SGR1935+2154, with a spectrum somewhat harder than previously observed from the source (Li et al 2020;Mereghetti et al 2020;Ridnaia et al 2020;Tavani et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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NICER View of the 2020 Burst Storm and Persistent Emission of SGR 1935+2154

Younes

Güver

Kouveliotou

et al. 2020

ApJL

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We report on NICER observations of the magnetar SGR1935+2154, covering its 2020 burst storm and long-term persistent emission evolution up to ∼90 days postoutburst. During the first 1120s taken on April 28 00:40:58 UTC, we detect over 217 bursts, corresponding to a burst rate of >0.2 burstss −1. Three hours later, the rate was 0.008burstss −1 , remaining at a comparatively low level thereafter. The T 90 burst duration distribution peaks at 840 ms; the distribution of waiting times to the next burst is fit with a lognormal with an average of 2.1 s. The 1-10 keV burst spectra are well fit by a blackbody, with an average temperature and area of kT=1.7 keV and R 2 =53 km 2. The differential burst fluence distribution over ∼3 orders of magnitude is well modeled with a power-law form dN/dF∝F −1.5±0.1. The source persistent emission pulse profile is double-peaked hours after the burst storm. We find that the burst peak arrival times follow a uniform distribution in pulse phase, though the fast radio burst associated with the source aligns in phase with the brighter peak. We measure the source spin-down from heavy-cadence observations covering days 21-39 postoutburst, n =-´-3.72 3 10 12 ()  Hzs −1 , a factor of 2.7 larger than the value measured after the 2014 outburst. Finally, the persistent emission flux and blackbody temperature decrease rapidly in the early stages of the outburst, reaching quiescence 40 days later, while the size of the emitting area remains unchanged.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NICER View of the 2020 Burst Storm and Persistent Emission of SGR 1935+2154

Younes

Güver

Kouveliotou

et al. 2020

ApJL

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“…cyclic With several repeaters showing quasi-periodic activity (see Bochenek et al 2020;Rajwade et al 2020;Cruces et al 2020), the cyclic option allows frbpoppy to model bursts emerging during an active window. For simplicity, we model the arrival times of bursts during the active window as a uniform distribution:…”

Section: Generating Burst Timesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesising the intrinsic FRB population using frbpoppy

Gardenier

Leeuwen

Connor

et al. 2019

A&A

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Context. Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) are radio transients of an unknown origin. Naturally, we are curious as to their nature. Enough FRBs have been detected for a statistical approach to parts of this challenge to be feasible. To understand the crucial link between detected FRBs and the underlying FRB source classes we perform FRB population synthesis, to determine how the underlying population behaves. The Python package we developed for this synthesis, frbpoppy, is open source and freely available. Aims. Our goal is to determine the current best fit FRB population model. Our secondary aim is to provide an easy-to-use tool for simulating and understanding FRB detections. It can compare surveys, or inform us of the intrinsic FRB population. Methods. frbpoppy simulates intrinsic FRB populations and the surveys that find them, to produce virtual observed populations. These resulting populations can then be compared with real data, allowing constrains to be placed on underlying physics and selection effects.Results. We are able to replicate real Parkes and ASKAP FRB surveys, in terms of both detection rates and distributions observed. We also show the effect of beam patterns on the observed dispersion measure (DM) distributions. We compare four types of source models. The "Complex" model, featuring a range of luminosities, pulse widths and spectral indices, reproduces current detections best. Conclusions. Using frbpoppy, an open-source FRB population synthesis package, we explain current FRB detections and offer a first glimpse of what the true population must be.

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“…cyclic: with several repeaters showing quasi-periodic activity (see Bochenek et al 2020;Rajwade et al 2020;Cruces et al 2020), the cyclic option allows frbpoppy to model bursts emerging during an active window. For simplicity, we modelled the arrival times of bursts during the active window as a uniform distribution:…”

Section: Generating Burst Timesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesising the repeating FRB population using frbpoppy

Gardenier

Connor

Leeuwen

et al. 2021

A&A

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The observed fast radio burst (FRB) population can be divided into one-off and repeating FRB sources. Either this division is a true dichotomy of the underlying sources, or selection effects and low activity prohibit us from observing repeat pulses from all constituents making up the FRB source population. We attempted to break this degeneracy through FRB population synthesis. With that aim in mind, we extended frbpoppy (which previously only handled one-off FRBs) to also simulate repeaters. We next modelled the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment FRB survey (CHIME/FRB). Using this implementation, we investigated the impact of luminosity functions on the observed dispersion measure (DM) and distance distributions of both repeating and one-off FRBs. We show that for a single, intrinsically repeating source population with a steep luminosity function, selection effects should shape the DM distributions of one-off and repeating FRB sources differently. This difference is not yet observed. We next show how the repeater fraction over time can help in determining the repetition rate of an intrinsic source population. We simulated this fraction for CHIME/FRB, and we show that a source population comprised solely of repeating FRBs can describe CHIME/FRB observations with the use of a flat luminosity function. From the outcome of these two methods, we thus conclude that all FRBs originate from a single and mostly uniform population of varying repeaters. Within this population, the luminosity function cannot be steep, and there must be minor differences in physical or behaviour parameters that correlate with the repetition rate.

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A fast radio burst associated with a Galactic magnetar

Cited by 640 publications

References 41 publications

NICER View of the 2020 Burst Storm and Persistent Emission of SGR 1935+2154

NICER View of the 2020 Burst Storm and Persistent Emission of SGR 1935+2154

Synthesising the intrinsic FRB population using frbpoppy

Synthesising the repeating FRB population using frbpoppy

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