A fast electrochromic polymer based on TEMPO substituted polytriphenylamine

Ji, Lvlv; Dai, Yuyu; Yan, Shuanma; Lv, Xiaojing; Su, Chang; Xu, Lihuan; Lv, Yaokang; Ouyang, Mi; Chen, Zuofeng; Zhang, Cheng

doi:10.1038/srep30068

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…However, it is more direct and efficient to clarify the relationship between the ion diffusion process and EC switching time through designing and preparing novel monomer and polymer structures. Zhang et al 14 reported that the introduction of 2,2,6,6tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) moieties at the side chain could significantly improve the switching time of polytriphenylamine derivatives. It was speculated that TEMPO moieties were first oxidized and accumulated doping ions as a counterion reservoir; then, these counterions would transfer to balance the charge of the polymer backbone, resulting in ultrafast color change during oxidization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Switching Properties and Ion Diffusion Behavior of Polytriphenylamine Derivative with Pendent Ionic Liquid Unit

Liang

Ouyang

et al. 2018

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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A novel triphenylamine derivative-linked ionic liquid unit, 1-(6-((4-(bis(4-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)amino)benzoyl)oxy)hexyl)-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (TTPACIL-BF), was designed and synthesized successfully, and its corresponding polymer PTTPACIL-BF was obtained by the electropolymerization method. The highest occupied molecular orbital energy band of TTPACIL-BF is higher and the onset oxidative potential lower compared with that of 6-bromohexyl 4-(bis(4-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)amino) benzoate (TTPACBr) without modifying the ionic liquid unit. Both PTTPACIL-BF and PTTPACBr show similar color change and optical contrast under different redox states. However, PTTPACIL-BF presents a faster electrochromic switching time than PTTPACBr owing to the improved ionic conductivity and ion diffusion coefficient with the introduction of a pendent ionic liquid unit. It is more intriguing that PTTPACIL-BF could show electrochromism under different potentials even without supplying any additional electrolyte. The particular behavior further proves that BF ions around imidazole cations at the side chain may participate in balancing the charge of the polymer backbone when redox reaction happens, resulting in faster movement of ions during the doping process. The results imply that introducing an ionic liquid unit to the side chain is an efficient method to improve the switching time of conjugated polymers and would be inspirational for the design and preparation of novel bifunctional electrochromic polymeric electrolytes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Switching Properties and Ion Diffusion Behavior of Polytriphenylamine Derivative with Pendent Ionic Liquid Unit

Liang

Ouyang

et al. 2018

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Electrochromic (EC) materials have been widely studied and rapidly developed in past decades because of their potential applications in smart windows, − autodimming mirrors, − adaptive camouflage, − and electronic display devices. − Among numerous EC materials, organic conjugated polymers with excellent coloration efficiency, − high optical contrast, , fast switching time, − and color adjustment − have attracted a great deal of attention. For EC applications, the polymers are usually prepared as a uniform thin film on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode, generally by electropolymerization − or spray-/spin-coating methods. − A good electroactive site is an essential condition for electrochemical polymerization. , Spray-/spin coating must meet the requirements of complex chemical synthesis, good solubility, and the inability to construct cross-linked polymer structures. , Thus, development of new methods for preparing polymer films for electrochromic applications has been of great significance. , In particular, the development of a simple method to prepare novel conjugated polymer films for electrochromic applications that can be efficiently constructed under mild conditions using readily available precursors is preferred.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid/Liquid Interfacial Suzuki Polymerization Prepared Novel Triphenylamine-Based Conjugated Polymer Films with Excellent Electrochromic Properties

Zhang

Wang

Dong

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Preparing conjugated polymer films via interfacial Suzuki polymerization is a promising method for obtaining desirable electrochromic materials with desired structures. Here, a series of aryl boronic esters and triphenylamine-based aryl bromides were applied as precursors, and several polymer films were finally obtained via the liquid/liquid interfacial Suzuki polymerization reaction under mild conditions. FT-IR, UV, and Raman as well as electrochemistry, SEM, and EDS results all provide strong evidence for the formation of the desired polymer structures. Among them, the TPA-Wu (containing triphenylamine and alkyl-fluorene) film exhibits the best film-forming quality. Besides, these polymer films were applied in electrochromic applications. The results show that electrochromic properties can be affected by the quality of film formation. It is worth mentioning that the TPA-Wu film could achieve excellent electrochromic properties with reversible multicolor changes from transparent yellow to orange-red to blue-green under varying potentials. Compared to other triphenylamine-based electrochromic materials, the TPA-Wu film possessed the most desirable coloring efficiency, higher optical contrast, and shorter switching time. This work provides an existing general approach of liquid/liquid interfacial Suzuki polymerization for constructing conjugated polymer films toward electrochromic applications.

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“…Among these reported conjugated polymers, many polymers based on triphenylamine (TPA), which have ultrafast electron‐transfer rate constants and good hole‐transporting abilities, have been studied intensively as electrode materials for organic batteries and SCs . In addition, a large number of TPA‐based polymers exhibit electrochromic behavior during redox processes that have potential applications in ECDs . To improve the charge carrier transport properties and structural stabilities of polymer chains, some thiophene derivatives, such as 2,2′‐bithiophene and 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), have been incorporated within the polymer backbone as “bridge” linkages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Efficient Electrochromic Supercapacitor Based on Solution‐Processable Nanoporous Poly{tris[4‐(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)phenyl]amine}

Yang

et al. 2020

ChemSusChem

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A new green synthetic route to tris[4‐(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)phenyl]amine (TEPA) monomer has been developed and the molecular structure of TEPA has been determined by using single‐crystal XRD. Solution‐processable nanoporous poly{tris[4‐(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)phenyl]amine} (PTEPA) is prepared by a chemical oxidative polymerization in a microemulsion. Based on the distorted structure of TEPA in the solid state, it is proposed that dendritic PTEPA has a distorted 3 D conformation with multiple twisted channels and pores that are narrowed and blocked by bifurcation and distortion of PTEPA, which is consistent with the observed hierarchical pore structure. As a cathode material, PTEPA exhibits a discharge capacity of 89.5 mAh g−1 in the initial cycle with a highly sloping two‐stage discharge curve and relatively stable cycling performance. Beyond its excellent energy storage properties, PTEPA also shows relatively good electrochromic performance. Furthermore, an efficient all‐solid‐state electrochromic supercapacitor (ECSC) with good electrochromic performance and high energy storage capacity (13.3 mF cm−2) is assembled from PTEPA and nanoporous graphene films. During charge–discharge processes, the color of the ECSC changes between yellow‐green and steel blue. Thus, the energy storage level of the ECSC can be monitored by the corresponding color changes. The fabricated ECSC may have practical applications, for example, in self‐powered electrochromic smart windows.

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A fast electrochromic polymer based on TEMPO substituted polytriphenylamine

Cited by 23 publications

References 34 publications

Fast Switching Properties and Ion Diffusion Behavior of Polytriphenylamine Derivative with Pendent Ionic Liquid Unit

Fast Switching Properties and Ion Diffusion Behavior of Polytriphenylamine Derivative with Pendent Ionic Liquid Unit

Liquid/Liquid Interfacial Suzuki Polymerization Prepared Novel Triphenylamine-Based Conjugated Polymer Films with Excellent Electrochromic Properties

An Efficient Electrochromic Supercapacitor Based on Solution‐Processable Nanoporous Poly{tris[4‐(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)phenyl]amine}

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