A Fast Cross-Correlation Combined with Interpolation Algorithms for the LiDAR Working in the High Background Noise

Abstract

Processing speed and accuracy of measurements are important factors reflecting the performance quality of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems. This study proposed a fast cross-correlation (fCC) algorithm to improve the computation loading in the LiDAR system operating in high background noise environments. To reduce the calculation time, we accumulated cycles of the receiver waveform to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. In this way, the stop pulse can be easily distinguished from the background noise by applying the cross-correlation (CC) on the accumulated receiver waveform with the first start pulse. In addition, the proposed fCC combined with variant interpolation techniques: the parabolic (fCCP), gaussian (fCCG), cosine (fCCC), and cubic spline (fCCS) to increase the measurement accuracy were also investigated and compared. The experiments were performed on the real-time LiDAR system under high background light intensity. The tested results showed that the proposed method fCCP achieved 879 ns per measurement, 38 times faster than the original CC method combined with the same parabolic interpolation algorithm (CCP) 33.5 μs. Meanwhile, the fCCS method resulted in the highest accuracy/precision, reaching 5.193 cm/8.588 cm, respectively. These results demonstrated that our proposed method significantly improves the measurements speed in the LiDAR system operating under strong background light.

Radiation detectors fabricated by secondary students

“…3A). Even the Red Pitaya s sampling rate is 125 MHz, the cross-correlation analysis allows time-of-flight measurements with sub-nanosecond resolution [9] (Fig. 3B) which is enough to measure speed of cosmic-rays with only 30 cm distance between 2 detectors.…”

Impact of the Noise on the Emulated Grid Voltage Signal in Hardware-in-the-Loop Used in Power Converters

“…Filters [45]: Filters are circuits or algorithms that allow noise to be removed or attenuated from an input signal. The type of filter, moving average [46], interpolation [47], or downsampling, is selected upon the characteristics of the noise, the frequency of the input signal, and the disturbance.…”