A far infrared view of low mass star formation in the Cederblad 110 nebula of Chamaeleon I

Abstract

Abstract. The Cederblad 110 reflection nebula contains several young stellar objects previously discovered by IRAS and sub-mm observations. This cluster was revisited with ISO's FIR cameras and mapped with higher spatial resolution. All sources were also mapped for the first time near the maximum of their spectral energy distribution at 200 µm. In addition, two new FIR-sources were discovered. The new data enabled parameters of the young objects to be determined, such as their luminosity, temperature and mass of the circumstellar dust. These parameters were related to the YSO classes of the various objects ranging from the pure protostar Class O to Class III. Cederblad 110 can be viewed as a compact volume of active low mass star formation in a dense ridge of molecular gas of the Chamaeleon I cloud detected e.g. in HN13 C and C 18 O lines. The star formation efficiency in the 0.001 pc 3 cluster volume is high; about 20% of the gas is now bound into stars.

Sub-arcsec resolution near-infrared images of the Cederblad 110 region

“…The ChaI numbers are relative to the list of sources given in Persi et al (2000). The ISOCAM observations reinforce the conclusion of a high star-formation efficiency (∼20%) in this region, suggested by Lehtinen et al (2001). Large field near-infrared (near-IR) imaging surveys of Chamaeleon I dark cloud that include the Ced 110 area, have been obtained by DENIS (Cambrésy et al 1998) and very recently by Gómez & Kenyon (2001).…”

“…We have not detected in our near-IR images the far-IR source Ced 110 IRS10 identified by Lehtinen et al (2001) with the millimeter source Cha-MMS1. This source was neither found by ISOCAM at a detection limit of ∼0.7 mJy and 1.3 mJy (1σ) at 6.75 and 14.3 µm, respectively (Persi et al 2000).…”

“…IRS4 is associated with a remarkable nebulosity. The Class I young stellar object IRS6 appears double, and halfway between IRS4 and IRS6 we detect the near-IR counterpart of the ISOCAM source ChaI86 (Persi et al 2000) not found by DENIS, and observed at 80 µm (Ced 110 IRS11 in Lehtinen et al 2001). …”

“…A subsequent continuum mapping survey at this wavelength (Reipurt et al 1996) reported an extended object, Cha-MMS1, about 76 south of IRS2 and IRS4 located very close to the center of a CO outflow previously found in the region by Mattila et al (1989) and Prusti et al (1991). Recent ISOPHOT observations between 80 and 200 µm (Lehtinen et al 2001) classified Cha-MMS1 as a Class 0 protostar and associated this object with the probable driving source of the Herbig-Haro objects HH 49 and 50 (Schwartz 1997).…”

“…Lehtinen et al 2001). In recent years this region has been the object of a variety of observations at different wavelengths.…”