Abstract. An infrared study including ISOCAM images at 6.75 and 14.3 µm of a large portion (28 × 26 ) of the Chamaeleon II dark cloud and sub-arcsec resolution JHK s images of the central (4.9 × 4.9 ) area is presented. Combining the ISOCAM observations with J and K s photometry obtained with DENIS, we have found 12 young stars, of which 8 are previously identified sources. Of the new candidate YSOs, ISO-ChaII13 shows a clear mid-IR excess with an infrared luminosity of ∼0.02 L and a stellar luminosity ≥0.01 L . This last value of luminosity corresponds to that expected for a sub-stellar object with an age between 1-10 Myr. The analysis of the J − H/H − K diagram of the sources detected in the central part of the dark cloud has allowed us to identify 10 very faint sources not found by ISOCAM with possible near-IR excesses that may be embedded young brown dwarfs. Finally, the center of the dark cloud is characterized by the presence of the Class I YSO IRAS 12553-7651 (ISO-ChaII28) with L bol = 1.49 L , and associated with a faint nebulosity observed at 2.2 µm.

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Abstract. We present the results of deep (Ks = 18.9) sub-arcsec resolution (0.3 ) imaging observations of the Cederblad 110 region in the Chamaeleon I dark cloud. This region (roughly 5 × 5 ) is characterized by the presence of six ISOCAM-detected young stellar objects (YSOs). Our images have recovered all these sources at near-infrared (near-IR) wavelengths. Ced 110 IRS4, the brightest object in the region, is associated with a remarkable near-IR bipolar nebulosity. Ced 110 IRS6 is resolved in a double system IRS6a and IRS6b with a separation of ∼2 (∼320 AU at the distance of the Cha I cloud). We have combined 1.3 mm, far and mid-IR fluxes from the literature with our JHK data and obtained the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for three (IRS4, IRS6a and ISO-ChaI86) of the six ISOCAM sources in the region. We modelled the SEDs of IRS6a and ISO-ChaI86 with a spherically symmetric dusty envelope, using the DUSTY code. These objects are clear Class I sources of the cloud. Finally, we report the detection of three new objects in this region (NIR 72, 84 and 89) with significant near-IR excess. If these sources are associated with the cloud, the derived luminosities and masses suggest that they are candidate young brown dwarfs of Chamaeleon I.

We empirically analyzed the labor market participation of Italian women, with special emphasis on the role of intergenerational family links. Older relatives, on the one hand, discourage the work participation of women by requiring care; on the other hand they may provide household services favoring labor supply. We studied this dual impact estimating a trivariate probit model where the three choices to be in the labor force, to use informal help from older relatives and to care for them are jointly determined. Our estimates show that care duties towards members of the previous generation hinder the labor market participation of Italian women, and that informal help received from older relatives strongly increases their probability of being engaged in paid work. Keywords Female labor supply Á Intergenerational linksThe standard model of labor supply is based on the study of the time allocation decision of an individual between work and leisure, the latter being generally intended as time not devoted to activities in the market. However, household production theory (Becker 1965) underlines that the choice actually regards the allocation of time between work in the market, household work and leisure. This extension of the standard model proves to be