A Facility for Controlled Exposure of Pigs to Airborne Dusts and Gases

Demmers, T. G. M.; Wathes, C. M.; Richards, P. A.; Teer, N.; Taylor, L.; Bland, V.; Goodman, J.; Armstrong, David M.; Done, S.H.; Hartung, J.

doi:10.1016/s1537-5110(02)00243-x

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Trace elements detected in this study were consistent with published reports for metals such as zinc, manganese and iron (Demmers et al, 2003). Higher levels of phosphorus and sulfur in the NCAT swine unit compared to other units is likely due to presence of feces; swine manure contains phosphorus and sulfur.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

A Biophysiochemical Analysis of Settled Livestock and Poultry Housing Dusts

Gerald

McPherson

McDaniel

et al. 2014

American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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The levels and composition of agricultural dusts are influenced by animal species, production strategy, housing type and ventilation efficiency. Agricultural dust within animal houses is complex and consists of feed particles, microbes and their products, dander, fecal matter, gases, metals and other organic and inorganic components. Livestock and poultry production facilities may be categorized as confinement, semi-confinement or pasturebased. Characterization of animal husbandry building dust will provide insight into understanding exposures experienced by animals, workers and farm visitors. The goal was to characterize biophysiochemical features of livestock dusts from swine, small ruminant, equine, poultry and cattle husbandry units. Settled dust samples were collected from livestock and poultry housing units at the University Farm and other livestock farms across the state. Morphological features were determined by electron microscopy and gravimetry. Biochemical evaluation consisted of pH determination and trace metal detection via mass spectrometry. Biological assessment centered on bacterial characterization via selective media, DNA analysis and endotoxin quantitation. Morphological analyses revealed higher levels of respirable and thoracic particles in poultry, swine, small ruminant and equine units compared to the dairy unit (p<0.01). Dusts were slightly acidic with the exception of the NCAT small ruminant unit (p<0.05). Dust endotoxin levels were consistent and bacterial species detected include Listeria and Escherichia coli. These findings suggest animal husbandry buildings harbor higher levels of smaller respirable and thoracic dust particles compared to inhalable particles. This information may be helpful in understanding dust exposures experienced by animals, farmers and agricultural workers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

A Biophysiochemical Analysis of Settled Livestock and Poultry Housing Dusts

Gerald

McPherson

McDaniel

et al. 2014

American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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“…To evaluate the impact of indoor production environment on pig health, studies have used exposure chambers to deliver defined pollutants [61-67]. Chronic exposure of pigs to corn dust alone did not elicit clinical respiratory symptoms or affect growth performance; however, exposing pigs to dust combined with pungent gases ( i.e.…”

Section: Response Of Pigs To Agricultural Environments and Organic Dumentioning

confidence: 99%

Farm animal models of organic dust exposure and toxicity

McClendon

Gerald

Waterman

2015

Current Opinion in Allergy &Amp; Clinical Immunology

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Purpose of review Modern food animal production is a major contributor to the global economy, owing to advanced intensive indoor production facilities aimed at increasing market readiness and profit. Consequences of these advances are accumulation of dusts, gases and microbial products that diminish air quality within production facilities. Chronic inhalation exposure contributes to onset and exacerbation of respiratory symptoms and diseases in animals and workers. This article reviews literature regarding constituents of farm animal production facility dusts; animal responses to production building and organic dust exposure, and the effect of chronic inhalation exposure on pulmonary oxidative stress and inflammation. Recent findings –Porcine models of production facility and organic dust exposures reveal striking similarities to observations of human cells, tissues and clinical data. Oxidative stress plays a key role in mediating respiratory diseases in animals and humans, and enhancement of antioxidant levels through nutritional supplements can improve respiratory health. Summary – Pigs are well adapted to the exposures common to swine production buildings and thus serve as excellent models for facility workers. Insight for understanding mechanisms governing organic dust associated respiratory diseases may come from parallel comparisons between farmers and the animals they raise.

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“…The poultry body can normally resist infections like germs under normal circumstances. However, improper feeding practices can deteriorate barn environment and increase the reproduction of bacterial pathogens, which can cause a build‐up of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the environment, triggering a stress response in poultry, which can cause a series of inflammatory reactions (Demmers et al., 2003 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz alleviates LPS‐induced proliferation, differentiation inhibition and excessive apoptosis in chicken embryonic myogenic cells

Fu,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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BackgroundLipopolysaccharide (LPS) can induce systemic inflammation and affect the growth and development of poultry. As a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (PAMK) can effectively improve the growth performance of animals and improve the immunity of animal bodies.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of PAMK on LPS‐induced inflammatory response, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of chicken embryonic myogenic cells.MethodsWe used chicken embryonic myogenic cells as a model by detecting EdU/MYHC immunofluorescence, the expression of inflammation, proliferation, differentiation‐related genes and proteins and the number of apoptotic cells in the condition of adding LPS, PAMK, belnacasan (an inhibitor of Caspase1) or their combinations.ResultsThe results showed that LPS stimulation increased the expression of inflammatory factors, inhibited proliferation and differentiation, and excessive apoptosis in chicken embryonic myogenic cells, and PAMK alleviated these adverse effects induced by LPS. After the addition of belnacasan (inhibitor of Caspase1), apoptosis in myogenic cells was inhibited, and therefore, the number of apoptotic cells and the expression of pro‐apoptotic genes Caspase1 and Caspase3 were increased. In addition, belnacasan inhibited the increased expression of inflammatory factors, inhibited proliferation, differentiation and excessive apoptosis in chicken embryonic myogenic cells induced by LPS.ConclusionsThis study provides a theoretical basis for further exploring the mechanism of action of PAMK and exogenous LPS on chicken embryonic myogenic cells and lays the foundation for the development and application of green feed additives in animal husbandry industry.

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A Facility for Controlled Exposure of Pigs to Airborne Dusts and Gases

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

A Biophysiochemical Analysis of Settled Livestock and Poultry Housing Dusts

A Biophysiochemical Analysis of Settled Livestock and Poultry Housing Dusts

Farm animal models of organic dust exposure and toxicity

Polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz alleviates LPS‐induced proliferation, differentiation inhibition and excessive apoptosis in chicken embryonic myogenic cells

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