Atomically
precise thiolate-capped metal nanoclusters (NCs), as
a recently developed category of metal nanomaterials, show emerging
potential in solar energy harvesting and conversion owing to the peculiar
atom-stacking mode, quantum confinement effect, and discrete energy
band structure. However, the super-short photoexcited charge carrier
life span and barren active sites of metal NCs as well as instability
retard the photosensitization efficiency in photoredox catalysis.
Herein, we conceptually demonstrate the general design of glutathione
(GSH)-capped metal NCs/transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs), that
is, metal NCs [Ag
x
, Ag31(GSH)19, Ag16(GSH)9, Ag9(GSH)6]/TMC (CdS, Zn0.5Cd0.5S) heterostructures
by a ligand-initiated self-assembly route, based on which atomically
precise metal NCs are accurately anchored on the TMC substrates under
substantial electrostatic interaction. It was unveiled that photoinduced
electrons from metal NCs can flow to the TMC substrates and holes
migrate in an opposite direction, featuring the quintessential type
II charge transport pathway because of the suitable energy level alignment,
intimate interfacial integration mode, and boosted charge separation.
Given the efficacious interfacial charge migration/separation, metal
NCs/TMC heterostructures exhibit significantly boosted photoactivities
toward selective organic transformation and solar-to-hydrogen conversion
under visible light irradiation. Our work would provide new insights
into rationally crafting metal NC-based photosystems and open a promising
vista for modulating vectorial charge transfer over metal NCs toward
substantial solar-to-chemical energy conversion.