“…Rapid growth in the world population has increased the demand for energy, the bulk of which is provided by fossil fuels for power generation, industrial needs, and transportation [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. However, in addition to limited availability, the use of fossil fuels has a negative impact on the environment, creating by-products such as carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur oxides [ 5 , 6 ].…”