A Facile Review on the Sorption of Heavy Metals and Dyes Using Bionanocomposites

Abstract

Presently, hazardous metal and dye removal from wastewater is one of the major areas of research focus. For the elimination of these contaminants, many approaches have been devised and applied. However, the accomplishment of various water treatment processes has largely depended on the medium utilized and the associated problem with the leaching of harmful compounds into the water process with most commercial and chemically manufactured materials for water treatment processes. Hence, this study is aimed at reviewing existing studies on the sorption of heavy metals (HMs) and dyes using bionanocomposites (BNCs). The key focus of this review is on the development of eco-friendly, effective, and appropriate nanoadsorbents that could accomplish superior and enhanced contaminant sequestration using BNCs owing to their biodegradability, biocompatible, environmentally friendly, and not posing as secondary waste to the environment. The sorption of most pollutants was observed to be pH, sorbent dosage, and initial contaminant concentration-dependent, with most contaminants’ elimination taking place in the pH range of 2-10. The sorption process of HMs and dyes to various BNCs was superlatively depicted utilizing the Langmuir (LNR) and Freundlich (FL) as well as the pseudo-second-order (PSO) models, suggestive of the sorption process of a monolayer and multilayer and the chemisorption process, the rate-limiting stage in surface sorption. The established sorption capacities for the reviewed sorption process for various contaminants ranged from 1.47 to 740.97 mg/g. Future prospective for the treatment and remediation of contaminated water using BNCs was also discussed.

Adsorption of Cr6+ ion using activated Pisum sativum peels-triethylenetetramine

“…Globally, environmental obliteration issues are presently instigating pollution and impairing natural resources owing to the massive upsurge in the human population and the Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt evolution of industrial activities (El Nemr 2011, 2012aIbrahima et al 2021;Kerry et al 2021). Continuous progress in scientific and technological advancement is also a contributing factor, and this is now a serious threat to humanity (Eldeeb et al 2022;Aigbe et al 2022;Onyancha et al 2022).…”

“…Industrial activities from mining, wood, fertilizer, paper, plating, refining tanneries etc. produce heaps of detrimental noxious effluents containing huge amounts of HMs (Aigbe et al 2022;Onyancha et al 2021a) such as chromium (Cr) (Ukhurebor et al 2021c;Ismael et al 2020), fluoride ) and copper (Cu) (El-Nemr et al 2022;Medhi et al 2020), as well as other toxic chemicals that subsequently find their way into the aquatic environment (Ragab et al 2016;Hosain et al 2020;Hassaan and El Nemr 2020), and sequentially result in atmospheric, terrestrial and aquatic contaminations. Therefore, eliminating these contaminants is a necessity for safeguarding human health and the environment (Ihsanullah et al 2106;Aigbe and Osibote 2020;Bilal et al 2021;Şenol et al 2021a.…”

Copper(II) ion removal by chemically and physically modified sawdust biochar

“…18a-c). These results certified that the initial adsorption rate was very fast owing to the accessibility of the huge surface area and the existence of unexploited spots on the biochar surface [95,96]. The retardations of Cu(II) ion removal were a result of the difficulty of attaining the residual vacant sites.…”

Immobilized Nanomaterials for Environmental Applications

“…Many pollutants have been targeted for remediation by adsorption using carbon-based nanocomposites. The removal of metal ions and dyes is one of the major areas of research for the use of porous materials, such as AC and BC, as well as carbon-based nanocomposites [ 107 ]. However, studies related to the removal of organic compounds (pesticides, antibiotics, and persistent organic pollutants), and inorganic species (phosphate, fluoride, ammonium, nitrate, etc.…”