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Several agronomic waste-materials are presently being widely used as bio-adsorbents for the treatment of toxic wastes such as dyes and heavy metals from industrial activities, which has resulted in critical global environmental issues. Therefore, there is a need to continue searching for more effective means of mitigating these industrial effluents. Synthetic aromatic dyes such as Acid Brown (AB14) dye are one such industrial effluent that is causing a serious global issue owing to the huge amount of these unsafe effluents released into the ecosystem daily as contaminants. Consequently, their confiscation from the environment is critical. Hence, in this study, Mandarin-CO-TETA (MCT) derived from mandarin peels was utilized for the removal of AB14 dyes. The synthesized biosorbent was subsequently characterized employing FTIR, TGA, BET, and SEM coupled with an EDX. The biosorption of this dye was observed to be pH-dependent, with the optimum removal of this dye being noticed at pH 1.5 and was ascribed to the electrostatic interaction between the positively charged sites on the biosorbent and the anionic AB14 dye. The biosorption process of AB14 dye was ideally described by employing the pseudo-second-order (PSO) and the Langmuir (LNR) models. The ideal biosorption capacity was calculated to be 416.67 mg/g and the biosorption process was indicative of monolayer sorption of AB14 dye to MCT biosorbent. Thus, the studied biosorbent can be employed as a low-cost activated biomass-based biosorbent for the treatment of AB14 dyes from industrial activities before they are further released into the environment, thus mitigating environmental contamination.

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The impact of a varying rotating magnetic field in stimulating adsorption of fluoride ions onto a polypyrrole magnetic nanocomposite synthesized via in situ a polymerization process was evaluated.

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Although several approaches have been explored for the removal of dyes and other toxic materials from water as well as the entire environment, notwithstanding, researchers/scientists are still pursuing novel, low-cost, and eco-friendly biosorbents for the effective removal of such contaminants. Herein, clove leaves (CL) were utilized as a biosorbent for the sequestration of malachite green (MG) from a water-soluble solution. The CL was subsequently activated using potassium hydroxide (KOH) and characterized using the FTIR and FESEM to determine the functional groups on the activated clove leaves (CL-KOH) and the morphology of the adsorbent. The adsorption of MG was observed to be relatively dependent on the dosage of sorbent utilized, initial MG concentration, and sorption process contact time. The adsorption process of MG to CL was ideally described using the Dubinin–Radushkevich and Elovich models with the determination of maximum sorption capacity of approximately 131.6 mg·g-1. Furthermore, the thermodynamic parameters calculated showed that the adsorption of MG to the adsorbent was exothermic with the process involving physical sorption as well as chemical sorption processes with negligible adsorption energy. In conclusion, the study has revealed that the CL is a cost-effective biosorbent with high adsorption efficiency for the sequestration of MG from a water-soluble solution and can be recycled for further usage.