Understanding
how the catalyst morphology influences surface sites
is crucial for designing active and stable catalysts and electrocatalysts.
We here report a new approach to this understanding by decorating
gold (Au) nanoparticles on the surface of cuprous oxides (Cu2O) with three different shape morphologies (spheres, cubes, and petals).
The Au-Cu2O particles are dispersed onto carbon nanotube
(CNT) matrix with high surface area, stability, and conductivity for
oxygen reduction reaction. A clear morphology-dependent enhancement
of the electrocatalytic activity is revealed. Oxygenated gold species
(AuO–) are found to coexist with Au0 on
the cube and petal catalysts, whereas only Au0 species
are present on the sphere catalyst. The AuO– species
function effectively as active sites, resulting in the improved catalytic
performance by changing the reaction mechanism. The enhanced catalytic
performance of the petal-shaped catalyst in terms of onset potential,
half-wave potential, diffusion-limited current density, and stability
is closely associated with the presence of the most abundant AuO– species on its surface. Highly active AuO– species are identified on the surface of the catalysts as a result
of the unique structural characteristics, which is attributed to the
structural origin of high activity and stability. This insight constitutes
the basis for assessing the detailed correlation between the morphology
and the electrocatalytic properties of the nanocomposite catalysts,
which has implications for the design of surface-active sites on metal/metal
oxide electrocatalysts.