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The continuously increasing incidence rates of cancer and infectious diseases are open threats to the sustainable survival of animals and humans.

Newly synthesized, air and moisture insensitive palladacycle [PdCl(L-H)] (L = (C(6)H(5))(2-HOC(6)H(4))CHNH(CH(2))(3)SePh; a (N, Se, C(-)) ligand) shows high catalytic activity for the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction of phenylboronic acid with aryl/heteroaryl chlorides/bromides (TON for aryl chlorides up to 9200) and is converted to approximately 8 nm size particles of Pd(17)Se(15) (probably the real catalyst).

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This study focuses on understanding the growth and control of nanostructures using reverse micelles. It has been earlier realized that parameters like surfactant, cosurfactant, and aqueous content influence the size and shape of the nanostructures obtained using reverse micelles. However, a concerted effort to understand the role of these factors on the growth of a specific nanomaterial is missing. In this study we have focused on one nanomaterial (copper oxalate monohydrate) and determined how the above-mentioned factors control the size, shape, aspect ratio, and growth of these nanostructures. Our results show that cationic surfactants (CTAB, TTAB, and CPB) favor the formation of nanorods of copper oxalate. The aspect ratio of these rods could be controlled to obtain nanocubes (approximately 80-100 nm) and nanoparticles (approximately 8-10 nm) in the CTAB system using longer chain cosurfactants like 1-octanol and 1-decanol, respectively. Nanocubes of approximately 50-60 and approximately 60-80 nm were obtained using nonionic surfactants Triton X-100 and Tergitol, respectively. The size of the nanostructures could also be controlled by varying the molar ratio of water to surfactant (W0) by using a nonionic (Triton X-100)-based reverse micellar system. The study espouses the versatility of the microemulsion method to realize a variety of nanostructures of copper oxalate monohydrate. Our results will be of use in extending these ideas to other nanomaterials.

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Metal oxides are well-known materials that have been considered as the prominent photocatalysts. Photocatalysis is a promising way to address the environmental issues which arecaused by fossil fuel the combustion and industrial pollutants. Lots of efforts such as doping metal oxides with metals, non-metals or metals/non-metals have been made to enhance their photocatalytic activity. More specifically, in this review we have discussed detailed synthesis procedures of rare earth doped metal oxides performed in the past decades. The advantage of doping metal oxides with rare earth metals is that they readily combine with functional groups due to the 4f vacant orbitals. Moreover, doping rare earth metals causes absorbance shift to the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum which results to show prominent photocatalysis in this region. The effect of rare earth doping on different parameters of metal oxides such as band gap and charge carrier recombination rate has been made in great details. In perspective section, we have given a brief description about how researchers can improve the photocatalytic efficiencies of different metal oxides in coming future. The strategies and outcomes outlined in this review are expected to stimulate the search for a whole new set of rare earth doped metal oxides for efficient photocatalytic applications.