A facile one-pot route for preparing cellulose nanocrystal/zinc oxide nanohybrids with high antibacterial and photocatalytic activity

Abstract

Cellulose nanocrystal/zinc oxide (CNC/ ZnO) nanohybrids were prepared through citric hydrochloric acid hydrolysis of commercial microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), and simple precipitation with zinc nitrate aqueous solution [Zn(NO 3 ) 2 Á6H 2 O] via one-pot green synthesis, in which preparation and modification of CNCs were performed simultaneously and the obtained CNCs with carboxyl groups could act as a stabilizing and supporting agent to anchor ZnO nanoparticles. The influence of the Zn 2? ion concentration on the morphology, microstructure, and properties of the CNC/ZnO nanohybrids was investigated by using Fourier-transform infrared and ultravioletvisible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. According to the UV-Vis and XRD results, well-dispersed ZnO nanoparticles with hexagonal wurtzite structure and smallest average diameter of 42.6 nm were successfully anchored onto the surface of the CNCs. The CNC/ ZnO nanohybrid CNC/ZnO-0.5 showed improved thermal stability, high antibacterial activity, and photocatalytic activity for methylene blue (MB) due to strong interaction between the CNCs and ZnO nanoparticles. Compared to CNCs, the thermal degradation onset temperature (T 0 ) of the nanohybrids was increased by 23.9°C, while antibacterial ratios of 100.0 and 100.0 % against viable Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were achieved. Moreover, 93 % of MB dye was decomposed after UV light irradiation for 100 min.

Surface Modification of Bacterial Cellulose by Copper and Zinc Oxide Sputter Coating for UV-Resistance/Antistatic/Antibacterial Characteristics

“…It possesses outstanding characteristics-biocompatibility, high porosity, crystallinity (63-71%), good tensile strength and increased water holding capacity [45]. Additionally, in recent years BC has gained more attention due to its excellent mechanical and physical properties as a novel substrate for porous aerogel nanocomposites [46][47][48]. The pellicles of bacterial cellulose play a major role in the medical field in terms of wound dressing, because of the protection from infection they grant, and their being suitable for drug delivery.…”

Investigating Methylene Blue Adsorption and Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO/CNC Nanohybrids

“…Oxide/Cellulose Nanocrystal (ZnO/CNC) Nanohybrids. ZnO/CNC nanohybrids were prepared by a one-pot synthesis route as reported in other paper [23] in which CNC with carboxyl groups was obtained to fabricate Zn(OH) 2 /CNC by simple precipitation through electrostatic interaction, and finally, ZnO/CNC nanohybrids were achieved by thermal treatment. In our experiment, the starting cellulose (8 g) was added to 400 mL mixed acid solution of 90% C 6 H 8 O 7 /10% HCl (400 mL, 3 M C 6 H 8 O 7 , and 6 M HCl).…”

Nanocomposites: suitable alternatives as antimicrobial agents

“…The antimicrobial efficacy of this nanocomposite has shown to be dependent on the concentration of zinc oxide nanoparticles in the composition. Studies have demonstrated that as the amount of zinc oxide increases, the antibacterial activity also increases (Yu et al, 2014;Zhao et al, 2017). Quantitative analysis of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of zinc oxide-cellulose nanocomposites revealed that the MIC for S. aureus is 0.44 mg/mL -1 , whilst for E. coli it is 0.63 mg/mL -1 (Zhao et al, 2017).…”