Surface Modification of Bacterial Cellulose by Copper and Zinc Oxide Sputter Coating for UV-Resistance/Antistatic/Antibacterial Characteristics

Abstract

In our study, the surface of bacterial cellulose was successively modified by copper and zinc oxide nanoparticles using direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering and radio frequency (RF) reactive sputter coating techniques. The target materials, copper and zinc, were 99.99% pure and used in the presence of argon (Ar) gas, while zinc nanoparticles were sputtered in the presence of oxygen gas to make zinc oxide nanoparticles. The as-prepared bacterial cellulose/copper/zinc oxide nanocomposite has good ultraviolet resistance, anti-static and antibacterial characteristics. The surface morphology and chemical composition of the nanocomposite were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic (EDS) techniques. The prepared bacterial cellulose/copper/zinc oxide nanocomposite illustrates excellent ultraviolet resistance (T.UVA%; 0.16 ± 0.02, T.UVB%; 0.07 ± 0.01, ultraviolet protection factor (UPF); 1850.33 ± 2.12), antistatic behavior (S.H.P; 51.50 ± 4.10, I.E. V; 349.33 ± 6.02) and antibacterial behavior (Escherichia coli; 98.45%, Staphylococcus aureus; 98.11%). Our nanocomposite prepared by sputter coating method could be a promising and effective candidate for ultraviolet resistance, antistatic and antibacterial in term of functional, technical, medical and in many daily life applications.Coatings 2020, 10, 364 2 of 17 extensive attention toward its use as a conductive material due to its low resistance characteristic in such applications. Cellulosic materials such as bacterial cellulose (BC) do not show any type of bactericidal property [16]. In order to acquire the bactericidal characteristic from bacterial cellulose, many scientists have worked on bacterial cellulose, that work encompassing several types of metals and metal oxide nanoparticles, among which Cu, CuO and ZnO conclusively exist [17,18]. Additionally, Zinc oxide has distinguished properties and has been considered for serval applications in terms of piezoelectric gadgets, semiconductors and sensors, and for antimicrobial functions [19,20]. Nowadays, researchers have more interest in using zinc oxide in the composition of nanoparticles with different approaches to regulate its structure and scope. Preparation of a nanocomposite with suitable base materials and zinc oxide nanoparticles could advance multifunctional materials, which exhibit a wide range of UV-resistance and antibacterial applications [21,22].Human beings, as well as other living organisms, are affected by ultraviolet radiation in this universe. A decrease in environmental pollution has gained more attention, but there still needs to be a type of composite which can resist ultraviolet radiation to save the lives of all creatures [23,24]. The main cause of skin cancer is ultraviolet radiation, which is a medium of free radicals. Moreover, it is a cause of environmental degradation; and damages various pigments and materials and degrades their physical characteristics [25]. The deposition of zinc oxide nanoparticles on sub...

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