A facile microwave-hydrothermal approach towards highly photoluminescent carbon dots from goose feathers

Abstract

Two-dimensional carbon dots with a high photoluminescence efficiency of ∼17.1% are obtained by the facile microwave-hydrothermal treatment of goose feathers.

Characterization and Analytical Separation of Fluorescent Carbon Nanodots

“…The average C-dots radius can be determined by measuring the diffusion rate of C-dots in liquids. Although there are several typical examples of using DLS for particle size determination of C-dots [24,69,120,127,136], the application of DLS for the C-dots characterization is not widely utilized. This is due to the fact that the size determination of nanoparticle in a liquid phase using DLS is not reliable since the DLS method provides only a qualitative analysis of the size distribution from the observed photon correlation function [137,138].…”

“…For the characterization of Cdots, XPS has generally been used for the assessment of the elemental composition and the chemical bonds of C-dots in combination with IR. Doping of C-dots with nonmetallic heteroatoms such as N [43,49,56,99,114,121,122,134], S [14,24,46,49,87], Si [50,127,140,141], P [39,49,93], and B [114,142] has been characterized by XPS. A typical example of XPS analysis employed to estimate the surface states and chemical composition of nitrogen and sulfur-codoped C-dots (SNCNs) was displayed in Figure 6 [46].…”

“…However, some of these synthetic methods suffer from limitations such as time-consuming treatment process, requirement of strong acids for catalysis, high energy consumption, and complex equipment set-up. Recently, there is a considerable interest in developing labor, material, and energy efficient synthetic methods for C-dots such as carbonization of naturally available bioresources [15,19,24,26,27,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37], preparation with low heating temperature [38], and synthesis without external heating [39,40]. In addition, the flexibility in modification and functionalization of the C-dots surface has opened many possibilities in the incorporation of heteroatoms such as nitrogen [15,20,21,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46], sulfur [33,[46][47][48][49], phosphorous [39,49], and silane [50] into C-dots framework to enhance the PL properties of C-dots.…”

“…In general, the synthetic methods for C-dots include arcdischarge [2], electrochemical oxidation [3][4][5], laser ablation [6][7][8][9], hydrothermal synthesis [10][11][12][13][14][15], pyrolysis [16][17][18][19], microwave-assisted heating [20][21][22][23][24][25][26], plasma treatment [27], neutralization heating [28], and sonication treatment [29] (Scheme 1). All these synthetic methods allow, up to some extent, preparing moderately high-quality C-dots with relatively high PL performance and small size.…”

A facile route to aqueous Ag:ZnCdS and Ag:ZnCdSeS quantum dots: Pure emission color tunable over entire visible spectrum

“…However, the QDs synthesized by this method usually suffer from some problems such as poor crystallinity and low PL QY. Furthermore, the hydrothermal treatment based on the high pressure was also a facile and efficient approach to synthesize photoluminescent QDs [29][30].…”