A facile method for polyamide membrane modification by poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) to improve fouling resistance

Recent advances in the development of (bio)fouling resistant thin film composite membranes for desalination

“…Zwitterionic polymers have also drawn great attention as a new generation of fouling resistant material in recent years [23][24][25]. They comprise both positive and negative charged units that can create stronger and more stable electrostatic bonds with water than hydrophilic materials [23].…”

“…Besides, Zhang et al [25] successfully grafted a zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (pSBMA) onto the polyamide membrane surface via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The resulting pSBMA-coated PA membrane exhibited a tremendous increment in water flux of about 65% and the adsorption amount of irreversible proteins is significantly reduced by~97%, as compared to the untreated membrane.…”

Addressing skin abrasions on artificial turfs with zwitterionic polymer brushes

“…[65][66][67] Antifouling is a critical property when addressing the skin-friendliness of surfaces as the contact of open wounds with bacteria and viruses on common surfaces may result in contamination and subsequent infections. To emphasize the skin-friendliness of our pSBMAmodified surfaces, pathogenic S. aureus was selected for the antifouling assay of the prepared pSBMA-g-PP samples due to its well-documented risk associated with infections 68,69 and the prevalence of S. aureus incidents within the sporting community.…”

Polyvinylamine-grafted polyamide reverse osmosis membrane with improved antifouling property

“…For example, zwitterionic polymers [12,13], poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) and its derivatives [14,15] have been introduced to the RO membrane surface via grafting methods. The grafted polymers tend to form a polymer brush layer, which is an array of polymer molecules endattached to surfaces [16].…”