A embriologia de Bugula flabellata (J. V. Thompson) (Bryozoa ectoprocta)

Corrêa, Diva Diniz

doi:10.11606/issn.2526-4877.bsffclzoologia.1948.125308

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The embryonic source of mesoderm in bryozoans has been a contentious topic [ 49 ]. Classical works suggest that mesodermal cells derive from endodermal blastomeres, but could not demonstrate the embryonic origin with cellular resolution [ 40 – 43 , 45 , 135 ]. However, recent ultrastructural data in M. membranacea suggests an ectodermal origin for the bryozoan mesoderm, from the delamination of an ectodermal cell during gastrulation [ 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies of bryozoan embryology [ 40 – 45 ] suggest that the animal-most blastomeres give rise to the apical disc and aboral epithelium of the larva, the vegetal-most derivatives of the animal blastomeres form the ciliated band, and the vegetal blastomeres produce the oral epithelium and endomesoderm [ 38 , 39 , 46 ]. This coarse fate map appears to be overall similar to that of spiral-cleaving embryos [ 47 , 48 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This coarse fate map appears to be overall similar to that of spiral-cleaving embryos [ 47 , 48 ]. However, cleavage patterns have only been systematically followed until the 64-cell stage [ 43 , 45 ] and, as of today, there is no detailed cell lineage or fate map of a bryozoan larva. Several basic developmental questions remain unsolved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cleavage modification did not alter blastomere fates during bryozoan evolution

2017

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BackgroundStereotypic cleavage patterns play a crucial role in cell fate determination by precisely positioning early embryonic blastomeres. Although misplaced cell divisions can alter blastomere fates and cause embryonic defects, cleavage patterns have been modified several times during animal evolution. However, it remains unclear how evolutionary changes in cleavage impact the specification of blastomere fates. Here, we analyze the transition from spiral cleavage – a stereotypic pattern remarkably conserved in many protostomes – to a biradial cleavage pattern, which occurred during the evolution of bryozoans.ResultsUsing 3D-live imaging time-lapse microscopy (4D-microscopy), we characterize the cell lineage, MAPK signaling, and the expression of 16 developmental genes in the bryozoan Membranipora membranacea. We found that the molecular identity and the fates of early bryozoan blastomeres are similar to the putative homologous blastomeres in spiral-cleaving embryos.ConclusionsOur work suggests that bryozoans have retained traits of spiral development, such as the early embryonic fate map, despite the evolution of a novel cleavage geometry. These findings provide additional support that stereotypic cleavage patterns can be modified during evolution without major changes to the molecular identity and fate of embryonic blastomeres.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-017-0371-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cleavage modification did not alter blastomere fates during bryozoan evolution

2017

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“…Intraspecific variation of the oocyte type and larval increase during placentotrophic incubation were detected between distant populations of Bugula flabellata . Whereas in Brazil, Corrêa (, p. 47) recorded “oligolecithal and homolecithal” eggs of 80.0 μm in diameter (larvae 130.0 μm), in the Irish Sea Dyrynda and King (1983, p. 489) described “telolecithal” (= macrolecithal) eggs of about the same size (77.0 μm) with the larger larval size (150.0 μm) and, thus, increase. My material from New Zealand contained oligolecithal eggs (96.0 × 55.0 μm), and the larvae (160.0×120.0 μm) of an intermediate size between two aforentioned populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Incipient to Substantial: Evolution of Placentotrophy in a Phylum of Aquatic Colonial Invertebrates

Ostrovsky

2013

Evolution

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Matrotrophy has long been known in invertebrates, but it is still poorly understood and has never been reviewed. A striking example of matrotrophy (namely, placentotrophy) is provided by the Bryozoa, a medium-sized phylum of the aquatic colonial filter feeders. Here I report on an extensive anatomical study of placental analogues in 21 species of the bryozoan order Cheilostomata, offering the first review on matrotrophy among aquatic invertebrates. The first anatomical description of incipient placentotrophy in invertebrates is presented together with the evidence for multiple independent origins of placental analogues in this order. The combinations of contrasting oocytic types (macrolecithal or microlecithal) and various degrees of placental development and embryonic enlargement during incubation, found in different bryozoan species, are suggestive of a transitional series from the incipient to the substantial placentotrophy accompanied by an inverse change in oogenesis, a situation reminiscent of some vertebrates. It seems that matrotrophy could trigger the evolution of sexual zooidal polymorphism in some clades. The results of this study show that this phylum, with its wide variety of reproductive patterns, incubation devices, and types of the simple placenta-like systems, offers a promising model for studying parallel evolution of placentotrophy in particular, and matrotrophy in general.

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“…More detailed (in some cases, experimental) investigations additionally considered colony growth, lifespan and, sometimes, annual number of generations (Friedl, 1925; Grave, 1930, 1933; Kuznetzov, 1941; Eggleston, 1963, 1972; see also Supplementary material 1) as well as relationships between colony size and fecundity (Gordon, 1970; Hayward & Ryland, 1975; Wood & Seed, 1992). A number of studies was accompanied by observations on the gametic and polypide cycles and on details of larval incubation (Silén, 1945; Corrêa, 1948; Mawatari, 1951; Dudley, 1973; Dyrynda, 1981; Nielsen, 1981; Dyrynda & King, 1982, 1983; Cancino, 1986; Hughes, 1987; Cancino & Hughes, 1987, 1988; Cadman & Ryland, 1996; Ostrovsky, 1998; Nekliudova et al ., 2019, reviewed in Reed, 1991 and Ostrovsky, 2013). A few life-history works also focused on asexual reproduction by fragmentation (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonies as dynamic systems: reconstructing the life history of Cribrilina annulata (Bryozoa) on two algal substrates

et al. 2019

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Quantifying interconnected performances of the modules in a colonial organism (feeding, sexual reproduction, rejuvenation, dormancy) into an integral picture enables studying functional dynamics and resource allocation at different levels – from module to population. Testing this approach on the common boreal-Arctic bryozoan Cribrilina annulata in the White Sea, we describe its life history, comparing colonies on two algal substrates with contrasting size and lifespan. Colonies living on kelps were much larger and had a higher proportion of dormant zooids, whereas the percentage of reproducing, feeding and rejuvenating zooids was higher in colonies on red algae (with the colonies also exhibiting longer reproductive period). Colony lifespan was dependent both on substrate type and on time of colony establishment, lasting from 4–5 to up to 17 months on kelps and 14–18 months on red algae. During the reproductive season (May–September) the C. annulata population consisted of colonies of three cohorts on both substrata: overwintered and two summer generations that behaved differently. Whereas overwintered and summer colonies established in June–early August produced larvae, most of the colonies established after mid-summer were preparing for hibernation and postponed reproduction until next spring. Moreover, young reproducing colonies formed brooding hermaphrodite zooids of ordinary size, whereas overwintered colonies budded smaller-sized basal and frontal (dwarf) hermaphrodites. Finally, overall zooidal performance in co-existing colonies of the overwintered and young generations was different on kelps, but similar on red algae. Altogether our findings indicate that the life histories of colonial epibionts are much more complex and evolutionarily flexible than generally acknowledged.

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A embriologia de Bugula flabellata (J. V. Thompson) (Bryozoa ectoprocta)

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Cleavage modification did not alter blastomere fates during bryozoan evolution

Cleavage modification did not alter blastomere fates during bryozoan evolution

From Incipient to Substantial: Evolution of Placentotrophy in a Phylum of Aquatic Colonial Invertebrates

Colonies as dynamic systems: reconstructing the life history of Cribrilina annulata (Bryozoa) on two algal substrates

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