A Dynamical Theory of the Cochlea

Peterson, L. C.; Bogert, B. P.

doi:10.1121/1.1917149

Cited by 50 publications

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“…The propagation of DPs is examined in this article using a physiologically based model that is more realistic than in previous theoretical studies (19)(20)(21)(22)(23): our model includes a detailed representation of OHC biophysics, with nonlinear MET channels and linearized somatic electromotility; furthermore, the fluid model is based on a two-duct 3D model. Although 3D cochlear models have previously examined intracochlear fluid mechanics in response to a pure tone (26)(27)(28), intracochlear fluid mechanics is analyzed, to our knowledge, for the first time in response to two-tone stimuli in this work. Note, however, that the fluid is only coupled to the BM in this model.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitations Of This Modeling Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is more advantageous to investigate DP propagation by measuring the intracochlear pressure instead of the BM response because pressure measurements can detect both the compression and slow traveling wave modes (25). Many theoretical articles have investigated intracochlear fluid mechanics in response to a pure tone (26)(27)(28). In particular, it is well understood that the fluid pressure is truly 3D close to the peak of the traveling wave in the short-wave region (i.e., in the region where the wavelength of the slow wave is small compared to the height of the cochlear ducts), whereas it is $1D closer to the base, in the long wavelength region (i.e., in the region where the wavelength is large compared to the duct height) (29).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forward and Reverse Waves: Modeling Distortion Products in the Intracochlear Fluid Pressure

Bowling

Meaud

2018

Biophysical Journal

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Distortion product otoacoustic emissions are sounds that are emitted by the cochlea due to the nonlinearity of the outer hair cells. These emissions play an important role both in clinical settings and research laboratories. However, how distortion products propagate from their generation location to the middle ear remains unclear; whether distortion products propagate as a slow reverse traveling wave, or as a fast compression wave, through the cochlear fluid has been debated. In this article, we evaluate the contributions of the slow reverse wave and fast compression wave to the propagation of intracochlear distortion products using a physiologically based nonlinear model of the gerbil cochlea. This model includes a 3D two-duct model of the intracochlear fluid and a realistic model of outer hair cell biophysics. Simulations of the distortion products in the cochlear fluid pressure in response to a two-tone stimulus are compared with published in vivo experimental results. Whereas experiments have characterized distortion products at a limited number of locations, this model provides a complete description of the fluid pressure at all locations in the cochlear ducts. As in experiments, the spatial variations of the distortion products in the fluid pressure have some similarities with what is observed in response to a pure tone. Analysis of the fluid pressure demonstrates that although a fast wave component is generated, the slow wave component dominates the response. Decomposition of the model simulations into forward and reverse wave components shows that a slow forward propagating wave is generated due to the reflection of the slow reverse wave at the stapes. Wave interference between the reverse and forward components sometimes complicates the analysis of distortion products propagation using measurements at a few locations.

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Section: Strengths and Limitations Of This Modeling Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forward and Reverse Waves: Modeling Distortion Products in the Intracochlear Fluid Pressure

Bowling

Meaud

2018

Biophysical Journal

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“…We assume that the variables p(x, t), Q(x, t), θ(t), bi(t), si(t), θin(t), pin(t), and whenever relevant also their time derivatives, are known at a given time t. To find their values at a subsequent time t + dt, we integrate equation [7] to obtain θ(t + dt). Then bi(t + dt) and si(t + dt) can be obtained by integrating equations [8] and [12], taking into account the constitutive relations [9], [10] and [11]. Given θ and bi we can evaluate yi(t + dt), and from it the time derivative of D at that time step.…”

Section: Inner Sulcusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pressure oscillations are collected from the air by the outer ear, and used by the middle ear to shake perilymph in the inner ear, while reducing the impedance mismatch. The wavelength of sound in perilymph is longer than the entire cochlea, but the partitioned structure of the cochlea extracts from it a traveling surface wave with shrinking wavelength, that deposits most of its energy at a short segment of the partition (8,9). Most of the elastic energy delivered to the cochlear partition resides at the basilar membrane (BM).…”

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confidence: 99%

A flexible anatomic set of mechanical models for the organ of Corti

Berger

Rubinstein

2019

Preprint

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A new model for the mechanical and hydrodynamical processes in the organ of Corti (OoC) is proposed. In this model the motion of the basilar membrane is provided as input, and we concentrate on the other components of the OoC. The model consists of a set of equations, all based on Newton's laws, describing the motions and mutual interactions of the outer hair cells, the outer hair bundles, Deiter cells, the reticular lamina, Hensen cells, and the inner hair bundle. In addition, the model includes the equations describing the endolymph fluid motion in the subtectorial channel. Key ingredients in the model are the nonlinear constitutive laws governing the vibrations of the outer hair bundles and outer hair cells. The inner hair bundle oscillates via interaction with the endolymph flow. It is shown that under a minimal set of assumptions, and using basic mechanical principles, the components of the OoC listed above can act as a second filter, along with the basilar membrane filter, that enhances frequency selectivity, amplitude compression and signal to noise ratio.cochlea | hair cell | second filter | critical oscillator

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“…The transverse direction was often measured because of theoretical and experimental evidence that to a rough approximation, the complex anatomy of the CP can be simplified to a tuned mechanical plate or beam, and the tuning parameters (impedance) can be deduced by knowledge of the pressure across and velocity of the CP (26).…”

Section: Figure 1: Illustration Of a Cross Section Of The Cochlear Pamentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging forward and Reverse Traveling Waves in the Cochlea

Zosuls

Rupprecht

2018

Preprint

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The presence of forward and reverse traveling wave modes on the basilar membrane has important implications to how the cochlea functions as a filter, transducer, and amplifier of sound. The presence and parameters of traveling waves are of particular importance to interpreting otoacoustic emissions (OAE). OAE are vibrations that propagate out of the cochlea and are measureable as sounds emitted from the tympanic membrane. The interpretation of OAE is a powerful research and clinical diagnostic tool, but OAE use has not reached full potential because the mechanisms of their generation and propagation are not fully understood. Of particular interest and deliberation is whether the emissions propagate as a fluid compression wave or a structural traveling wave. In this study a mechanical probe was used to simulate an OAE generation site and optical imaging was used to measure displacement of the inner hair cell stereocilia of the gerbil cochlea. Inner hair cell stereocilia displacement measurements were made in the radial dimension as a function of their longitudinal location along the length of the basilar membrane in response to a transverse stimulation from the probe. The analysis of the spatial frequency response of the inner hair cell stereocilia at frequencies near the characteristic frequency (CF) of the measurement location suggests that a traveling wave propagates in the cochlear partition simultaneously basal and apical (forward and reverse) from the probe location. The traveling wave velocity was estimated to be 5.9m/s -8m/s in the base (near CF of 29kHz -40kHz) and 1.9m/s -2.4m/s in the second turn (near CF of 2kHz -3kHz). These results suggest that the cochlear partition is capable of supporting both forward and reverse traveling wave modes generated by a source driving the basilar membrane. This suggests that traveling waves in the cochlear partition contribute to OAE propagation. Introduction:

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A Dynamical Theory of the Cochlea

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

Forward and Reverse Waves: Modeling Distortion Products in the Intracochlear Fluid Pressure

Forward and Reverse Waves: Modeling Distortion Products in the Intracochlear Fluid Pressure

A flexible anatomic set of mechanical models for the organ of Corti

Imaging forward and Reverse Traveling Waves in the Cochlea

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