A Dynamic Process Model for Predicting the Performance of Horizontal Anode Baking Furnaces

Oumarou, Noura; Kocaefe, Yasar S.; Kocaefe, Duygu; Morais, Brigitte; Lafrance, Jacques

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48248-4_181

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Three measurements of thermal properties were made for each small sample and the average value is used. Finally, a recently developed numerical tool was used to study various configurations of flue wall refractory and pit dimensions in order to highlight the direct impact of refractory corrosion on the anode baking process [30,31].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the refractory bricks used for the flue wall of the horizontal anode baking ring furnace

Oumarou

Kocaefe

2016

Ceramics International

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the refractory bricks used for the flue wall of the horizontal anode baking ring furnace

Oumarou

Kocaefe

2016

Ceramics International

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“…The numerical simulation of the turbulent combustion in anode baking furnaces was pursued in e.g., [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] and the references cited therein. These references provide valuable information on the general thermal management and fuel consumption in these furnaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Conjugate Heat Transfer in an Anode Baking Furnace Using OpenFoam

Lahaye

Nakate

Vuik

et al. 2022

Fluids

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The operation of large industrial furnaces will continue to rely on hydrocarbon fuels in the near foreseeable future. Mathematical modeling and numerical simulation is expected to deliver key insights to implement measures to further reduce pollutant emissions. These measures include the design optimization of the burners, the dilution of oxidizer with exhaust gasses, and the mixing of natural gas with hydrogen. In this paper, we target the numerical simulation of non-premixed turbulent combustion of natural gas in a single heating section of a ring pit anode baking furnace. In previous work, we performed combustion simulations using a commercial flow simulator combined with an open-source package for the three-dimensional mesh generation. This motivates switching to a fully open-source software stack. In this paper, we develop a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes model for the turbulent flow combined with an infinitely fast mixed-is-burnt model for the non-premixed combustion and a participating media model for the radiative heat transfer in OpenFoam. The heat transfer to the refractory brick lining is taken into account by a conjugate heat transfer model. Numerical simulations provide valuable insight into the heat release and chemical species distribution in the staged combustion process using two burners. Results show that at the operating conditions implemented, higher peak temperatures are formed at the burner closest to the air inlet. This results in a larger thermal nitric-oxide concentration. The inclusion of the heat absorption in the refractory bricks results in a more uniform temperature on the symmetry plane at the center of the section. The peak in thermal nitric-oxides is reduced by a factor of four compared to the model with adiabatic walls.

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“…al. to investigate the effect of temperature variation in the vertical component by considering a vertical component of flue gas [2], [5], [6]. This allows the 2D temperature distribution boundary condition for the pit sub model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive Turbulent Flow Model Of Anode Baking Furnace To Estimate Nox Through Zeldovich Mechanism

Nakate¹,

Lahaye²,

Vuik³

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the 5th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering

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Anode baking process has gained significant attention since the 1980s due to its high contribution to costs. The process involves various physics such as turbulent flow, combustion process, radiation and conjugate heat transfer which are highly dependent on each other. The process needs optimization for reducing NOx, saving energy and achieving a higher quality of anodes. A mathematical model of the anode baking furnace can provide significant information for improving the process. The goal of the present work is to find solutions for reducing NOx formation. The research method is chosen based on the simple models for each physics so as to have initial results. The complexity of the model is gradually increased. In this paper, a 2D reactive turbulent flow model of the heating section of the furnace is developed for initial analysis. The results are qualitatively analysed and the distribution of velocity, mass fractions of chemical species and temperature are presented. The distribution aligns with the expected physical behaviour of the system. Radiation in participating media is considered by modelling planck mean absorption coefficient. The temperature seems to be affected significantly by radiation. At the post-processing stage, Zeldovich mechanism is applied to calculate the source term for NOx and thereby, a distribution of mole fraction of NOx in the heating section is estimated. The NOx generation is observed in the high-temperature zone of the furnace as would be expected in reality. Furthermore, a 3D non-reactive flow model is developed and the results of velocity are compared with 2D. Analysis of the velocity in the Z direction suggests a significant difference in the velocity field near the fuel inlet. Therefore, for studying the mixing dominated combustion models, a 3D model is essential.

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A Dynamic Process Model for Predicting the Performance of Horizontal Anode Baking Furnaces

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Investigation of the refractory bricks used for the flue wall of the horizontal anode baking ring furnace

Investigation of the refractory bricks used for the flue wall of the horizontal anode baking ring furnace

Modeling Conjugate Heat Transfer in an Anode Baking Furnace Using OpenFoam

Reactive Turbulent Flow Model Of Anode Baking Furnace To Estimate Nox Through Zeldovich Mechanism

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