A dynamic network loading model for anisotropic and congested pedestrian flows

Abstract

A macroscopic loading model for multi-directional, time-varying and congested pedestrian flows is proposed in this paper. Walkable space is represented by a network of streams that are each associated with an area in which they interact. To describe this interaction, a stream-based pedestrian fundamental diagram is used that relates density and walking speed in multi-directional flow. The proposed model is applied to two different case studies. The explicit modeling of anisotropy in walking speed is shown to significantly improve the ability of the model to reproduce empirically observed walking time distributions. Moreover, the obtained model parametrization is in excellent agreement with the literature.

Dynamic traffic assignment using the macroscopic fundamental diagram: A Review of vehicular and pedestrian flow models

“…(turning proportion) (52) In this manner, the route-specific potential field can be interpreted as disutility of each cell in the route toward the destination area and the pedestrians try to decrease their disutility along the route in a reactive manner. Hänseler et al [23] propose an anisotropic discrete-time discrete-space pedestrian flow model based on a stream-based pedestrian fundamental diagram (SbFD). Unlike Hänseler et al [22] where areas were comprised of cells, in Hänseler et al [23] each area, ζ, contains a number of streams, s, and the set of streams associated with area ζ is denoted by Λ ζ .…”

“…Hänseler et al [23] propose an anisotropic discrete-time discrete-space pedestrian flow model based on a stream-based pedestrian fundamental diagram (SbFD). Unlike Hänseler et al [22] where areas were comprised of cells, in Hänseler et al [23] each area, ζ, contains a number of streams, s, and the set of streams associated with area ζ is denoted by Λ ζ . Each route, η, consists of a pair of origin and destination nodes and a set of streams ,Λ η , connecting them.…”

Body-rotation behavior of pedestrians for collision avoidance in passing and cross flow

“…Lane formation was observed in experiments on bidirectional flow [9][10][11][12][13]. A bidirectional-flow experiment with an oblique intersecting angle was also conducted [14] and investigated with macroscopic models [15]. Furthermore, the zipper effect (alternate merging of two lanes into one lane) and the relation between the width of a bottleneck and flow were revealed by bottleneck-flow experiments [16][17][18].…”

A Continuum Model for Cities Based on the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram: a Semi-Lagrangian Solution Method

“…While the relevant literature contains no efforts to achieve a consistent formulation both in discrete and continuum space, the Eulerian components of our solution method are closely related to the framework proposed in Sossoe and Lebacque (2017), Hanseler et al (2014Hanseler et al ( , 2017. Sossoe and Lebacque (2017) proposes a multi-reservoir reactive DTA model where the flows between reservoirs are obtained with a network junction model (see e.g., Jin, 2012, Jin andZhang, 2003, andreferences therein).…”

“…Hanseler et al (2014) develops a discrete-time discrete-space pedestrian flow model, named PedCTM, which extends Daganzo's Cell Transmission Model (CTM;Daganzo, 1994aDaganzo, , 1995 to 2 dimensions. The model in Hanseler et al (2017) is analogous to the PedCTM model, where the cell-based fundamental diagram, potential fields and path choice are replaced by stream-based ones and anisotropy is also taken into account. This paper is organized as follows: section 2 provides background on MFD theory and existing continuum models for cities, section 3 formulates the consistent continuum MFD formulation and discusses the properties of the solutions in both isotropic and anisotropic cases.…”