Blockchain technology has been successfully applied in many fields for immutable and secure data storage. However, for applications with on-chain big data, blockchain scalability remains to be a main concern. In this paper, we propose a novel scalable storage scheme, called HistoChain, for a consortium blockchain network to manage blockchain data. We use a current blockchain and historical blockchains to store on-chain big data, where the current blockchain and the historical blockchains store data from recent years and earlier years, respectively. Both the current blockchain and the historical blockchains are maintained by super peers in the network; while regular peers manage only the current blockchain and can retrieve historical data by making queries to the super peers. We present procedures for generating historical blockchains, dynamically balancing the data retrieval workload of super peers, and concurrently retrieving historical blockchain data in response to queries. We further provide a case study of healthcare data storage using a consortium blockchain, and the simulation results show that our scalable HistoChain storage scheme supports efficient access and sharing of big data on the blockchain.