A dual functional probe for “turn-on” fluorescence response of Pb²⁺and colorimetric detection of Cu²⁺based on a rhodamine derivative in aqueous media

Abstract

A dual functional probe L based on rhodamine was devised and synthesized. Probe L can sense Pb(2+) and Cu(2+) in aqueous solution through two approaches: a significant fluorescence enhancement caused by Pb(2+) and a visible color change from colorless to orchid induced by Cu(2+). Competitive experiments showed that probe L had high fluorescence sensitivity for Pb(2+) and excellent colorimetric selectivity for Cu(2+) over many environmentally relevant ions. The mechanisms of L for sensing Pb(2+) and Cu(2+) have been well demonstrated by ESI-MS, (1)H NMR titration, IR, the crystal structure of L-Pb(2+) and density functional theory calculation of L-Cu(2+). In addition, fluorescence image detection of Pb(2+) in living cells displayed an enhanced fluorescence effect.

Fluorescent Sensors for the Detection of Heavy Metal Ions in Aqueous Media

“…Apart from for the detection of Hg 2+ , rhodamine derivatives have been utilized for monitoring Cu 2+ , Cd 2+ , or Pb 2+ ions [188,189]. For instance, a probe based on rhodamine 6G and p-Cresol derivatives [190] exhibited a fluorescence enhancement under the addition of Pb 2+ ions when it was illuminated with UV light.…”

An Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection of Cu2+ Based on Gold Nanoflowers‐modifed Electrode and DNAzyme Functionalized Au@MIL‐101 (Fe)

“…With the development of modern industry and agriculture, heavy metal pollution has become increasingly serious in the world. Copper is one of the most widely used metals and it can leak into the environment in various ways [1]. Copper is a necessary trace element for humans and is widely distributed in biological tissues such as liver, kidneys, brain, bone marrow, erythrocytes and muscles.…”

“…To date, many methods for detecting copper ions have been developed, such as ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), colorimetry, fluorometric analysis, atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), chemiluminescence and electrochemical methods [2,4,1,[5][6][7][8][9][10]. Among these methods, electrochemical methods have attracted wide attention because of their high sensitivity, simplicity, portability, low cost and strong selectivity [11].…”

Rhodamine B derivative-modified up-conversion nanoparticle probes based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) for the solid-based detection of copper ions

“…The rhodamine framework has been proven to be a classic mode for the construction of uorescent probes because of its particular spirolactam structure and excellent photophysical properties such as long absorption and emission wavelength, large absorption coefficient and good photostability. [31][32][33] When the concentration of Cu 2+ is up to a certain amount, the upconversion FRET sensor changes from green to red.…”