A Dual Channel Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks Based on Directional Antenna

Yang, Jianmin; Qiao, Gang; Hu, Qingjun; Zhang, Jiarong; Du, Guangbin

doi:10.3390/sym12060878

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, in the proposed scheme all the six antennas were active without any on/off mechanism. Finally, in 2020, the authors introduced a dual channel MAC protocol based on a directional antenna for the underwater acoustic sensor networks [16]. However, the switching time between the omnidirectional directional and directional antenna modes has been ignored, and in real-world scenarios, it cannot be ignored.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dual-Mode Medium Access Control Mechanism for UAV-Enabled Intelligent Transportation System

Khan

Cheema

Ullah

et al. 2021

Mobile Information Systems

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With the exponential growth in technologies for the vehicular Internet of things applications and high demands for autonomous road vehicles, future transportation systems are projected to be revolutionized on a global scale. This new landscape requires a stable, flexible, and business-friendly base of connectivity, networking, and computing technology, in which Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can play an important role. A UAV-enabled Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) can provide a cost-effective communication solution to improve the safety and efficiency of the transportation system, particularly if the data traffic is nonhomogeneous and nonstationary. Typically, wireless is the communication medium between vehicles and UAVs in an ITS setting, which is based on the IEEE802.11p MAC protocol adopted by car manufactures. However, the IEEE 802.11p MAC protocol is modified solely for omnidirectional antennas, which restricts network coverage, delay, and throughput. In comparison, the directional antenna has greater network coverage, spatial reuse, and bandwidth. In addition, a multiaccess edge computing (MEC) facility at the backhaul link will provide ultralow latency and high bandwidth services to meet the increasingly growing demand for latency-sensitive vehicle applications such as vehicular video data analytics, autonomous driving, and intelligent navigation. Therefore, this article aims to propose a novel dual-mode MAC protocol that can work in two antenna modes, i.e., directional and omnidirectional. For modeling and simulation purposes, we use the Optimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET) and aim to seek an evaluation with respect to throughput, media access delay, and retransmission attempts. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dual-Mode Medium Access Control Mechanism for UAV-Enabled Intelligent Transportation System

Khan

Cheema

Ullah

et al. 2021

Mobile Information Systems

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“…Directional Antenna Dual Channel based Medium access control has been proposed for increasing the spatial reuse and reducing the interference. The protocol deploys directional network allocation vector to overcome hidden terminal problem and deafness issues [12]. The problem of using multiple isometric beams coverage and switching to beam direction for transmission might lead to increased latency.…”

Section: Overview Of Routing Protocols For Data Transfer In Underwater Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routing Protocol in Underwater Wireless Acoustic Communication Using Non Orthogonal Multiple Access

Anand¹,

Praveena²,

Babu³

2021

Journal on Internet of Things

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The underwater wireless communication with the complexity of attenuation and low propagation speed makes resource constraints in networking sensor nodes and sink. Underwater Sensor Transmission with Attenuation Calculation using Non Orthogonal Multiple Access (UWSTAC-NOMA) protocol has been proposed. This protocol calculates channel gain along with attenuation in underwater channels and provides internetworking sensor for rate allocation minimizing interference. Successive Interference Cancellation has been used at the receiving sensor to decode the information sent. The network level performance of sensors and increasing the data rate improves the overall throughput. Simultaneously, connecting several sensors to sink based on its depth region of deployment has been achieved using Underwater Sensor Transmission with Attenuation Calculation using Non Orthogonal Multiple Access (UWSTAC-NOMA). The analytical background of attenuation never confuted the simulation results of the proposed protocol in NS2 simulator. Simulation results shows that the throughput, average bit error rate and residual energy of sink performance.

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“…The normalized throughput of the conventional CSMA/CA protocol S CONV|r can be obtained as that of the underwater multi-RTS reception protocol S MRTS|r in the case of r = 1. The probabilities p B|r , p S|r , and p S,m|r in Equation (22) can be obtained from Equations (2)- (21). The expected duration E T protocol,S|r for protocol ∈ {MRTS, BACK, train} in Equation (22) can be obtained from the following Equations (24)-(34).…”

Section: Analysis Of Throughput and Delay For The Underwater Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cho et al [20] proposed an asymmetric propagation delay-aware time division multiple access protocol for mobile acoustic UWSNs requiring periodic transmission of data. Yang et al [21] proposed a dual channel MAC protocol for acoustic UWSNs where each node uses two underwater acoustic antennas that one is directional and the other is omnidirectional. Wang and Zhao [22] proposed a handshake-competition MAC protocol with a power control for underwater acoustic networks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Throughput and Delay for an Underwater Multi-DATA Train Protocol with Multi-RTS Reception and Block ACK

Hwang¹

2020

Sensors

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We propose an underwater multi-DATA train protocol with multi-RTS reception and block ACK (BACK) for underwater acoustic sensor networks. Due to long underwater acoustic propagation delay, some RTS frames may not overlap at a sink node, even if the RTS frames were sent to the sink node simultaneously by different sensor nodes. We consider that our underwater sink node can recover these nonoverlapping RTS frames. Since our RTS frame contains ID of the RTS sending node and a timestamp, the sink node calculates the propagation delay between the RTS sending node and the sink node, then broadcasts a CTS frame. Since our CTS frame contains when each RTS sending node can transmit a DATA frame to the sink node, multiple DATA frames transmitted by different sensor nodes can be formed as a train at the sink node. We also propose an underwater BACK protocol which is analogous to our proposed underwater multi-DATA train protocol. We analyze normalized throughput and mean access delay of our proposed protocols and the conventional protocols. The analytical and simulation results show that our analysis is accurate and our proposed protocols outperform the conventional protocols. Our proposed protocol can shorten the delay and increase the throughput via the multi-DATA train, multi-RTS reception, and BACK.

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A Dual Channel Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks Based on Directional Antenna

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

A Dual-Mode Medium Access Control Mechanism for UAV-Enabled Intelligent Transportation System

A Dual-Mode Medium Access Control Mechanism for UAV-Enabled Intelligent Transportation System

Routing Protocol in Underwater Wireless Acoustic Communication Using Non Orthogonal Multiple Access

Analysis of Throughput and Delay for an Underwater Multi-DATA Train Protocol with Multi-RTS Reception and Block ACK

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