“…11). Probably, the receivers lost the lock on these satellites causing the cycle slips [22]. Due to the adequate availability of satellites, excluding G01 and/or G11 can improve the final results especially in U component, with elimination of the outliers and the computed STD of U component being reduced to 3.2mm from 3.6mm.…”
Section: Availability and Precision At The China Sitementioning
confidence: 99%
“…ionosphere and troposphere effects) and multipath [22,23]. Thus, the remaining error of the GNSS solution is due to the geometry of the satellite constellations and the noise of the GNSS receiver [24].…”
GPS is the positioning tool of choice for a wide variety of applications where accurate (cm level or less) positions are required. However GPS is susceptible to a variety of errors that degrade both the quality of the position solution and the availability of these solutions.The contribution of additional observations from other GNSS systems may improve the quality of the positioning solution. This study investigates the contribution of the GLONASS and BeiDou systems and the potential improvement to the precision achieved compared to positioning using GPS only measurements. Furthermore, it is investigated whether the combination of the satellite systems can limit the noise level of the GPS-only solution. A series of zero-baseline measurements, of 1Hz sampling rate, were recorded with different types of pairs of receivers over 12 consecutive days in the UK and in China simultaneously.The novel part in this study is comparing the simultaneous GNSS real measurements recorded in the UK and China. Moreover, the correlation between the geometry and positional precision was investigated.The results indicate an improvement in a multi-GNSS combined solution compared to the GPS-only solution, especially when the GPS-only solution derives from weak satellite geometry, or the GPS-only solution is not available. Furthermore, all the outliers due to poor satellite coverage with the individual solutions are limited and their precision is improved, agreeing also with the improvement in the mean of the GDOP, i.e. the mean GDOP was improved from 3.0 for the GPS only solution to 1.8 for the combined solution.However, the combined positioning did not show significant positional improvement when GPS has a good geometry and availability.2
“…11). Probably, the receivers lost the lock on these satellites causing the cycle slips [22]. Due to the adequate availability of satellites, excluding G01 and/or G11 can improve the final results especially in U component, with elimination of the outliers and the computed STD of U component being reduced to 3.2mm from 3.6mm.…”
Section: Availability and Precision At The China Sitementioning
confidence: 99%
“…ionosphere and troposphere effects) and multipath [22,23]. Thus, the remaining error of the GNSS solution is due to the geometry of the satellite constellations and the noise of the GNSS receiver [24].…”
GPS is the positioning tool of choice for a wide variety of applications where accurate (cm level or less) positions are required. However GPS is susceptible to a variety of errors that degrade both the quality of the position solution and the availability of these solutions.The contribution of additional observations from other GNSS systems may improve the quality of the positioning solution. This study investigates the contribution of the GLONASS and BeiDou systems and the potential improvement to the precision achieved compared to positioning using GPS only measurements. Furthermore, it is investigated whether the combination of the satellite systems can limit the noise level of the GPS-only solution. A series of zero-baseline measurements, of 1Hz sampling rate, were recorded with different types of pairs of receivers over 12 consecutive days in the UK and in China simultaneously.The novel part in this study is comparing the simultaneous GNSS real measurements recorded in the UK and China. Moreover, the correlation between the geometry and positional precision was investigated.The results indicate an improvement in a multi-GNSS combined solution compared to the GPS-only solution, especially when the GPS-only solution derives from weak satellite geometry, or the GPS-only solution is not available. Furthermore, all the outliers due to poor satellite coverage with the individual solutions are limited and their precision is improved, agreeing also with the improvement in the mean of the GDOP, i.e. the mean GDOP was improved from 3.0 for the GPS only solution to 1.8 for the combined solution.However, the combined positioning did not show significant positional improvement when GPS has a good geometry and availability.2
“…Each BDS satellite PRN can be referred to the color or symbol shown in the legend of Figure 1. We can find that during the non-scintillation period almost ∆N MW and ∆Φ GF keep a small and continuous variation within ±1 cycle and ±0.05 m. That is why the conventional threshold values as 1 cycle and 0.05 m for ∆N MW and ∆Φ GF observables are usually applied in GNSS PPP and RTK solutions [24,37]. During the scintillation period (20:00-2:00 LT), however, the time series of ∆N MW and ∆Φ GF fluctuate rapidly especially for those of ∆Φ GF .…”
Because of the special design of BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) constellation, the effects of ionospheric scintillation on operational BDS generally are more serious than on the global positioning system (GPS). As BDS is currently providing global services, it is increasingly important to seek strategies to mitigate the scintillation effects on BDS navigation and positioning services. In this study, an improved cycle-slip threshold model is proposed to decrease the high false-alarm rate of cycle-slips under scintillation conditions, thus avoiding the frequent unnecessary ambiguity resets in BDS precise point positioning (PPP) solution. We use one-year (from 23 March 2015 to 23 March 2016) BDS dataset from Hong Kong Sha Tin (HKST) station (22.4°N, 114.2°E; geomagnetic latitude: 15.4°N) to model the cycle-slip threshold and try to make it suitable for three types of BDS satellites and multiple scintillation levels. The availability of our mitigation strategy is validated by using three months (from 1 September 2015 to 30 November 2015) BDS dataset collected at 10 global navigation satellite system (GNSS) stations in Hong Kong. Positioning results demonstrate that our mitigated BDS PPP can prevent the sudden fluctuations of positioning errors induced by the ionospheric scintillation. Statistical results of BDS PPP experiments show that the mitigated solution can maintain an accuracy of about 0.08 m and 0.10 m in the horizontal and vertical components, respectively. Compared with standard BDS PPP, the accuracy of mitigated PPP can be improved by approximately 24.1%, 38.2%, and 47.9% in the east, north, and up directions, respectively. Our study demonstrates that considering different scintillation levels to establish appropriate cycle-slip threshold model in PPP processing can efficiently mitigate the ionospheric scintillation effects on BDS PPP.
“…Dai et al (2009) used triple-frequency observations to detect cycle slips and repaired them using the least-squares ambiguity decorrelation adjustment (Teunissen, 1995) (LAMBDA) method. The integration of global positioning systems (GPS) and inertial navigation systems (INS) for cycle slip detection was proposed by Du and Gao (2012), while Chen et al (2015) presented a real-time cycle slip detection and correction method for doubledifferenced (DD) dual-frequency global navigation satellite system (GNSS) observations from continuously operating reference stations (CORS). However, these studies did not apply realtime cycle slip detection and repair to medium--long baseline marine surveys.…”
Distance-related errors complicate the resolution of real-time ambiguity in medium--long baseline marine surveys. Therefore, detection and recovery of cycle slips in real time is required to ensure high accuracy of global navigation satellite system positioning and navigation in marine surveys. To resolve this, an improved method was presented, where linear combinations of the triple-differenced (TD) between carriers L 1 and L 2 were formed for a wide lane and free ionosphere. To overcome severe ill-conditioned problems of the normal equation, the Tikhonov regularization method was used. Suggested the construction of a regularized matrix by combining a priori information of known coordinates of reference stations, followed by the Downloaded by [University of Toronto Libraries] at 08:01 27 June 2016 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2 determination of the corresponding regularized parameter. A float solution was calculated for the TD ambiguity. The search cycle slip (TD integer ambiguity) was obtained using the least-squares ambiguity decorrelation adjustment (LAMBDA) method. Using our method, cycle slips of several reference station-baselines with lengths of a few hundred to one thousand kilometers were detected in real-time. The results were consistent with professional software, with a success rate of 100%.
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