A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Parallel Group Study Evaluating the Effects of Ibuprofen and Glucosamine Sulfate on Exercise Induced Muscle Soreness

Abstract

Objectives:The primary objective of this study is to compare the effects of ibuprofen with placebo on post-exercise induced muscle soreness. The secondary objective is to explore the effects of glucosamine sulphate versus placebo on post-exercise induced muscle soreness. Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug which relieves pain and reduces inflammation. Glucosamine sulphate is a naturally occurring amino monosaccharide in the human body. It is biosynthesized from glucose, and is used to form glycosamineglycan, a constituent of proteoglycans, and an important component of the extracellular matrix of articular cartilage.Methods: Ibuprofen 1,200 mg/day, 1,500 mg/day glucosamine sulphate, or placebo was given orally daily for 22 days to three groups, each consisting of 20 healthy men [aged 24.3 ± 3.1 years] in a double-blind, randomized controlled parallel group study. Subjects carried out an intensive eccentric exercise of the first dorsal interosseous muscle of the left hand on a standardized hand exerciser on day 14. Muscle tenderness was assessed by the pressure pain stimulation on days 0, 14 [before exercise], 14 [immediately after exercise], 15, 16 [the days of maximal tenderness], and 22.Results: Muscle tenderness on days 0 and 14 [before exercise] was not different in the three groups. Muscle tenderness was significantly increased in the group consuming 1,500 mg/day glucosamine sulphate as compared with the placebo group day 15 and day 16 after the exercise [P < 0.033]. There was no significant difference between ibuprofen versus placebo. None of the participants reported any serious adverse effects.Conclusion: Glucosamine sulphate facilitates muscle tenderness whereas systemic administration of ibuprofen is not capable of inhibiting experimentally induced muscle tenderness/ soreness.

Use of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs interventions for the treatment of Muscle Soreness: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

“…The majority of the studies were carried out in North America (57.7%): United States [7,10,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]; Canada [8,31,32]; Europe (34.6%): United Kingdom [33][34][35]; Germany [36,37]; Greece [11]; Denmark [18,38]; Belgium [39];Africa (3.8%): South Africa [40] and Oceania (3.8%): Australia [9].…”

“…The protocols used in the studies for inducing muscle damage varied both on the anatomical region and the type of equipment used for evaluation. Thus, in relation to the anatomical site, the studies varied between systemic protocols (23.1%) [24,29,33,34,37,40] or localized, in the latter case 8 studies (30.8%) applied upper limb damage protocol [18,21,22,25,28,30,32,35]; 11 studies (42.2%) lower limbs [7-11, 23, 26, 27, 31, 37] and one study (3.8%) with exercise in the temporomandibular joint [33]. Regarding the equipment used for comparation of the results, two studies (7.7%) used the isokinetic dynamometer [37,39], 17 studies (65,4%) used conventional weight machines [7-11, 18, 21-23, 25-28, 31, 32, 35] and 6 studies (23.1%) performed aerobic exercises, lasting more than 30 minutes [24,29,33,34,37,40].…”

“…This review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). We analyzed a total of 13,497 studies retrieved from different databases and one from the references on that studies [18].…”

Untersuchung der entzündlichen Komponente von Muskelschmerz nach exzentrischer Belastung bei jüngeren und älteren Erwachsenen.

“…In der allgemeinen Praxis werden zur Behandlung von Muskelschmerz nach ex- (Donnelly et al 1990, Grossmann et al 1995, Pizza et al 1999, Stone et al 2002, Arendt-Nielsen et al 2007, Hyldahl et al 2010 …”

The use of glucosamine for chronic low back pain: a systematic review of randomised control trials

“…Glucosamine is a naturally occurring amino monosaccharide and is a precursor for glycosaminoglycans, a major component of joint cartilage and synovial fluid,16 and this forms the basis of the rationale for its use in OA. Glucosamine is available in over 50 different preparations most commonly in the form of glucosamine sulfate and hydrochloride 17…”