A ditopic calix[4]pyrrole amide derivative: highlighting the importance of fundamental studies and the use of NaPh₄B as additive in the design and applications of mercury(ii) ion selective electrodes

Abstract

A ditopic calix[4]pyrrole amide based ion selective electrode and its applications are first reported. Sodium tetraphenylboron currently used as additive in Hg ISE is by itself a sensor for mercury(ii).

Calix[4]arene urea derivatives: The pathway from fundamental studies to the selective removal of fluorides and phosphates from water

“…The cell constant was determined as described elsewhere [38]. Concentration ranges of ligands and ionic species were 8 x 10 -4 -1 x 10 -3 and 5 x 10 -5 -1 x 10 -4 mol.dm -3 respectively.…”

Design and Characterization of Electrochemical Sensor for the Determination of Mercury(II) Ion in Real Samples Based upon a New Schiff Base Derivative as an Ionophore

“…Many organic and inorganic compounds have been documented in the literature as ionophores for the synthesis of ion selective electrodes for the determination of Hg 2+ ion in various samples over the last three decades. Crown ether derivatives [19,20], polyvinyl pyridine [21], calix [4]pyrrole amide derivative [22], calixarene derivatives [23][24][25][26][27][28], thiol functionalized ionic liquid [29], amines [30,31], thioureas [25,32], and dithio derivatives [33,34] have all been used as ionophores for designing ISEs of Hg 2+ ions. It's worth mentioning that, some ionic liquids, e.g., 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF 4 ) [35], polypyrrole (PPy) [36], O,O -(2,2 -biphenylene)dithiophosphatepentyl (PenDTF) [37], 1methyl-2-butylthioimidazolium combined with bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl) imide [29], dimethylglyoxime [38], and 2-mercaptobenzimidazol (2MBI) [39] are widely employed as ionophores in ISEs of Hg(II) ions.…”

PVC membrane, coated-wire, and carbon-paste ion-selective electrodes for potentiometric determination of galantamine hydrobromide in physiological fluids

“…[1,2] ISEs are suitable for routine analysis, portable devices, on-line monitoring for a wide concentration range of detection [2][3][4] and automated and computerized systems. [5] Ion-selective electrodes are applicable for determining bacteria, cationic and anionic species [2,[6][7][8][9][10] in turbid solutions [6][7][8][9][10] such as physiological fluids and pharmaceutical formulations. [2,[6][7][8][9][10] Various types of ISEs have been developed such as a membrane, [6] coated-wire, [7,10] screen printed, [4] and carbon-paste ISEs.…”

“…[5] Ion-selective electrodes are applicable for determining bacteria, cationic and anionic species [2,[6][7][8][9][10] in turbid solutions [6][7][8][9][10] such as physiological fluids and pharmaceutical formulations. [2,[6][7][8][9][10] Various types of ISEs have been developed such as a membrane, [6] coated-wire, [7,10] screen printed, [4] and carbon-paste ISEs. [4] Among all of them, membrane electrodes have the longest history and probably the largest number of applications.…”

“…[1] However, although this wide range of applications, membrane electrodes do not show adequate mechanical stability over a long-term use. [1,7,10] Coated-wire electrodes (CWEs) are a subdivision of the membrane electrodes that avoid the use of the internal filling solution. [7,10] CWEs can be prepared by coating polymer films containing electroactive species onto a metallic wire (e.g.…”