The phlebotomine sandfly,
Lutzomyia longipalpis
, a major vector of the
Leishmania
parasite, uses terpene pheromones to attract conspecifics for mating. Examination of the
L. longipalpis
genome revealed a putative terpene synthase (TPS), which—upon heterologous expression in, and purification from,
Escherichia coli
—yielded a functional enzyme. The TPS, termed
Ll
TPS, converted geranyl diphosphate (GPP) into a mixture of monoterpenes with low efficiency, of which β-ocimene was the major product. (
E,E
)-farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) principally produced small amounts of (
E
)-β-farnesene, while (
Z,E
)- and (
Z,Z
)-FPP yielded a mixture of bisabolene isomers. None of these mono- and sesquiterpenes are known volatiles of
L. longipalpis
. Notably, however, when provided with (
E,E,E
)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP),
Ll
TPS gave sobralene as its major product. This diterpene pheromone is released by certain chemotypes of
L. longipalpis
, in particular those found in the Ceará state of Brazil. Minor diterpene components were also seen as products of the enzyme that matched those seen in a sandfly pheromone extract.