A distinctive clade B HIV type 1 is heterosexually transmitted in Trinidad and Tobago

Cleghorn, Farley; Jack, Noreen; Carr, Jean K.; Edwards, Robert J.; Mahabir, Bisram; Sill, Anne; McDanal, Charlene; Connolly, Shanon M.; Goodman, Damon H.; Bennetts, R. Q.; O’Brien, Thomas R.; Weinhold, Kent J.; Bartholomew, Courtenay; Blattner, William A.; Greenberg, Michael

doi:10.1073/pnas.97.19.10532

Cited by 57 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…All of the HIV-1 sequences from this country form a distinct monophyletic grouping with the strongest possible support (posterior probability of 1.0). Previous studies have asserted homosexual/bisexual contact with North American foreigners in the late 1970s or early 1980s as the alleged route of introduction (16,17). Our results indicate this was not the case; the Trinidad and Tobago clade is unequivocally nested among Haitian strains, not North American ones, clear evidence that the predominantly heterosexual epidemic in this country can be explained by a single introduction linked to Haiti.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 38%

The emergence of HIV/AIDS in the Americas and beyond

Gilbert

Rambaut

Wlasiuk

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

305

245

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 38%

The emergence of HIV/AIDS in the Americas and beyond

Gilbert

Rambaut

Wlasiuk

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

305

245

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“…Because this subject had no detectable neutralizing Abs at the time of virus isolation (85), it may be assumed that the virus was under no pressure to undergo an initial round of escape. Additional details of clinical studies in which certain subjects were enrolled have been reported for subjects 6101, 5768, 3988, 7165, and 6535 (80); subjects QH0692 and QH0515 (22); subjects SS1196 and BG1168 (103); and subject AC10 (91). A description of the isolation and partial characterization of uncloned primary HIV-1 isolates is available for viruses from subjects 6101, 5768, 3988, 7165, 6535, QH0692, QH0515, SS1196, BG1168, PVO, and TRO (13,85) and subject AC10 (73).…”

Section: Serum Samples Soluble Cd4 (Scd4) and Monoclonal Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1envClones from Acute and Early Subtype B Infections for Standardized Assessments of Vaccine-Elicited Neutralizing Antibodies

Li¹,

Gao

Mascola

et al. 2005

J Virol

1,016

1,258

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Induction of broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies is a high priority for AIDS vaccine development but one that has proven difficult to be achieved. While most immunogens generate antibodies that neutralize a subset of T-cell-line-adapted strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), none so far have generated a potent, broadly cross-reactive response against primary isolates of the virus. Even small increments in immunogen improvement leading to increases in neutralizing antibody titers and cross-neutralizing activity would accelerate vaccine development; however, a lack of uniformity in target strains used by different investigators to assess cross-neutralization has made the comparison of vaccine-induced antibody responses difficult. Thus, there is an urgent need to establish standard panels of HIV-1 reference strains for wide distribution. To facilitate this, full-length gp160 genes were cloned from acute and early subtype B infections and characterized for use as reference reagents to assess neutralizing antibodies against clade B HIV-1. Individual gp160 clones were screened for infectivity as Env-pseudotyped viruses in a luciferase reporter gene assay in JC53-BL (TZM-bl) cells. Functional env clones were sequenced and their neutralization phenotypes characterized by using soluble CD4, monoclonal antibodies, and serum samples from infected individuals and noninfected recipients of a recombinant gp120 vaccine. Env clones from 12 R5 primary HIV-1 isolates were selected that were not unusually sensitive or resistant to neutralization and comprised a wide spectrum of genetic, antigenic, and geographic diversity. These reference reagents will facilitate proficiency testing and other validation efforts aimed at improving assay performance across laboratories and can be used for standardized assessments of vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies.The development of an effective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine is believed to require the induction of both virus-specific CD8 ϩ T cells and neutralizing antibodies (Abs) (56, 63). Neutralizing Abs are of particular interest because their presence at the time of intravenous, vaginal, and oral routes of live virus challenge has been shown to prevent AIDS virus infection in nonhuman primates (31,65,66,69,84,105). Due to the extraordinary degree of genetic diversity of HIV-1 and the structural complexity of its envelope glycoproteins (Env) (54, 118), designing an effective vaccine is difficult. These same properties of the virus also make it difficult to assess vaccine-elicited neutralizing Abs in a way that is meaningful and informative. Many candidate vaccines have included Env for the purpose of generating an effective neutralizing Ab response, but to date, none appear to elicit a response with the desired specificity and cross-reactivity (5,6,13,68). This poor immunogenicity is incompletely understood but might be explained by either the particular design or low valency of prototype immunogens (14).A number of new candidate immunog...

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“…We wanted to determine whether participants of this study, who were infected in the United States and other countries where clade B is the predominant clade of HIV, [21][22][23] had any cross-reactivity against a different clade of HIV, clade A/E, and if this immune function was influenced by the sex of the donor. We, therefore, evaluated cross-clade reactivity in all the HIV-1-positive serum samples of the cohorts of this study (m/f = 32/32) against gp120 MN (clade B) and gp120 CM (clade A/E)-coated targets.…”

Section: Adcc Cross-clade Reactivity In Hiv-1-infected Men and Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clade B is also the predominant clade in these countries. [21][22][23] In addition, five female and five male HIV-1-seronegative serum samples were obtained from healthy donors who were not participants of either the MACS or WIHS cohort.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Antibodies That Mediate HIV Type 1 gp120 Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Asymptomatic HIV Type 1-Positive Men and Women

Mata

Iwema

Dell

et al. 2014

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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Recent studies suggest that HIV-specific antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) antibodies contribute to protective immunity against HIV. An important characteristic of future HIV vaccines will, therefore, be the ability to stimulate production of these antibodies in both men and women. Early studies suggest that men may have a better ADCC antibody response against HIV than women. Our objective was to determine whether men and women differ with respect to their ADCC response to HIV-1 gp120. HIV-positive, asymptomatic untreated men and women were matched for race, age, CD4+ T cell number, HIV-1 viral load, and treatment and HIV-1 gp120 ADCC antibody titers were compared. A standard 51 Cr-release assay was used to determine HIV-1 gp120 ADCC antibody titers in HIV-1-seropositive individuals from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS; n = 32) and the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS; n = 32). Both sexes had high ADCC titers against HIV-1 gp120: 34.4% (n = 11) and 40.6% (n = 13) of men and women, respectively, had titers of 10,000; 62.5% (n = 20) and 56.3% (n = 18) had titers of 100,000. Groups did not differ in percent specific release (% SR), lytic units (LU), correlations of titer to viral load, or titer to CD4 + T cells in men or women. Both groups also had similar cross-clade ADCC antibody responses ( p > 0.5 for % SR and LU). Comparable groups of asymptomatic HIV-1-infected men and women had comparable HIV-1 gp120 ADCC antibodies. Both sexes had significant cross-clade reactivity. Differences between men and women may become evident as disease progresses; this should be evaluated at later stages of HIV-1 infection.

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A distinctive clade B HIV type 1 is heterosexually transmitted in Trinidad and Tobago

Cited by 57 publications

References 37 publications

The emergence of HIV/AIDS in the Americas and beyond

The emergence of HIV/AIDS in the Americas and beyond

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1envClones from Acute and Early Subtype B Infections for Standardized Assessments of Vaccine-Elicited Neutralizing Antibodies

Comparison of Antibodies That Mediate HIV Type 1 gp120 Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Asymptomatic HIV Type 1-Positive Men and Women

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