A distance‐sensitive distributed repulsive sleeping approach for dependable coverage in heterogeneous cellular networks

Abstract

Base station (BS) sleeping technology has become one of the significant technologies in fifth‐generation green communications. However, enormous communication overhead and coverage holes produced by existing sleeping strategies will decline the robustness of the network. To tackle this problem, this paper proposes a distance‐sensitive distributed repulsive sleeping strategy (DSDRSS), based on hard‐core point process (HCPP). First, through information exchanges, presleeping BSs in the same region form a sleeping cluster (SC) whose size is limited by sleeping distance. Second, BSs in the SC perform BS sleeping with a mark method where BSs will be randomly assigned a mark, and BSs with the lowest mark will remain on to ensure the coverage. Third, to characterize the performance of DSDRSS, the analytical expressions of sleeping probability, coverage probability, and average achievable rate for user equipment (UE) under DSDRSS are derived. Finally, the coverage characteristics of UE under DSDRSS are analyzed and compared with those under different sleeping operations. DSDRSS realizes sleeping operations through the cooperation between BSs in an SC, not relying on the feedback links between a small BS and the control center. As a result, DSDRSS can not only enable flexible perception of traffic changes in sleeping area but also complete sleeping with less overhead. The simulation results show that DSDRSS supports more dependable coverage compared with random sleeping strategy and general repulsive sleeping strategy.

A new method of hybrid optimization of small cell range development and density for energy efficient ultra‐dense networks

“…Here BPSO algorithm is used to formulate a sleep‐strategy of SBSs in the clusters. In References 37‐41 different techniques are proposed by the authors to increase the EE of the wireless communication networks.…”

Binary PSO with Classification Trees Algorithm for Enhancing Power Efficiency in 5G Networks

“…Recently, immense research has been carried out to ameliorate the PE of the mod-ern communication networks, such as satellite and terrestrial networks [ 15 , 16 ], massive MIMO systems [ 17 ] and SCs networks [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

“…SC on/off switching is an auspicious approach to minimize the power consumption and enhance the PE of the system [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. The authors in [ 18 , 19 ] studied the elevated the energy consumption of WLAN.…”

“…In the third approach, a time advance indicator is sent to the MC by the UEs and the SCs and is utilized by the MC to determine the nearest SC to the UE to switch on. In [ 22 ], pre-sleeping SCs at the same zone create a sleeping cluster. Then, the SCs in the sleeping cluster are randomly selected to be switched off leaving only one active SC to guarantee the coverage.…”

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“…Heterogeneous networks (HetNet) in the dense urban areas are widely used for accommodating the proliferating demand for user equipment (UE) based data very efficiently 1,2 . HetNets increase the capacity of the overall network by removing the coverage holes both in the indoor and the outdoor premises 3,4 .…”