No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Ultra-dense networks (UDNs) which comprise of small and macro cells, are considered the principal solution for increasing demands of data. However, making energy efficient networks will be a challenge for researchers. In this article, a hybrid optimization technique is proposed to enhance the energy efficiency (EE) of the UDNs, considering the user correlation and hybrid optimization of the density and transmitting power of the small-cell-base-station (SBS). More precisely, the problem framed is a problem of convex-linear programming and hence is divided into two sub-problems: cell correlation and hybrid optimization. The expression for the EE of the system is derived in the closed-form as a factor of the density of SBSs and small cell-range-development (CRD) bias dependent on the Poisson point process (PPP) followed by the sequential-search-algorithm to improve the small CRD bias and SBS density correspondingly. Additionally, to realize hybrid optimization of the small CRD bias and density of SBSs, a heuristic algorithm is put forward to accomplish the EE of the system. It is revealed from the simulation outcomes that the proposed small CRD bias and SBS density hybrid optimization significantly enhances the EE of the system with low computational intricacy.

Structural health monitoring (SHM) technologies have attained attention to monitor civil structures. SHM sensor systems have been used in various civil structures such as bridges, buildings, tunnels and so on. However the previous sensor for SHM is wired and encounter with problem to cover large areas. Therefore, wireless sensor was introduced for SHM to reduce network connecting problem. Wireless sensors for Structural Health monitoring are new technology and have many advantages to overcome the drawback of conventional and wired sensor. This project proposed passive wireless SHM sensor using frequency selective surface (FSS) as an alternative to conventional sensors. The electromagnetic wave characteristic of FSS will change by geometrical changes of FSS due to mechanical strain or structural failure. The changes feature is used as a sensing function without any connecting wires. Two type of design which are circular ring and square loop along with the transmission and reflection characteristics of SHM using FSS were discussed in this project. A simulation process has shown that incident angle characteristics can be use as a data for SHM application.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract