A discussion on the origin and solutions of hysteresis in perovskite hybrid solar cells

Tailored PEDOT:PSS hole transport layer for higher performance in perovskite solar cells: Enhancement of electrical and optical properties with improved morphology

“…Efficient charge extraction from the perovskite layer and charge transport in charge-extraction layers play significant role in achieving high device efficiency. It is suggested that the best power conversion efficiency of solar cells can be achieved when the electron flux and the hole flux are balanced [14,17] . Poly (3,4ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is the most widely used hole transport material in p-i-n structured PSCs.…”

“…The widely used ETL [6 , 6] phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PC 61 BM) is more conductive than PEDOT:PSS [19] . Inefficient hole transport in PEDOT:PSS results in the imbalance in charge carrier transport that can promote charge accumulation either at the interface or at the traps, which can reduces the shunt resistance and results in hysteresis, respectively [17,20] .…”

Progress toward Stable Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

“…48,49,52,62,63 The inverted planar geometry has been shown to yield devices with significantly reduced hysteresis as compared with the standard perovskite solar cell device structure. [187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194] Brinkmann et al 181 proposed an inverted cell architecture employing aluminum-doped ZnO (AZO) and a bilayered AZO/SnO x as top ETL ( Figures 6G and 6H). SnO x layers were grown by atomic layer deposition providing high transparency, electrical conductivity, and outstanding gas permeation barrier properties protecting PVSK layers against the ingress of moisture and at the same time reducing out-diffusion of decomposition products of the perovskite (Figures 6G and 6H).…”

Non‐Fullerene Organic Electron‐Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells

“…To obtain PSCs with high PCE values, the short‐circuit current density ( J sc ), open‐circuit voltage ( V oc ), and fill factor (FF) should simultaneously be maximized and J – V hysteresis should be reduced with respect to the scan direction and scan rate. Hence, the electron flux through the perovskite/ETM/electrode and hole flux through the perovskite/HTM/electrode should be balanced . The order of magnitude of electron mobility/conductivity within polycrystalline perovskite thin films is 10 −2 to 10 0 cm 2 V −1 s −1 /≈10 −2 mS cm .…”