A Dilute and Shoot Strategy for Determining Alternaria Toxins in Tomato-Based Samples and in Different Flours Using LC-IDMS Separation

Tölgyesi, Ádám; Farkas, Tamás; Bálint, Mária; McDonald, Thomas J.; Sharma, Virender K.

doi:10.3390/molecules26041017

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…2018) for all the investigated mycotoxins and different matrices got the recoveries in the range from 89.0 to 108.0%, while the Sulyok et al (2007) established the recoveries in the range from 70 to 110%. The validation results concerning the Alternaria mycotoxins recovery in the tomato-based products using the "dilute-and-shoot" method for AOH was in the range from 75.7 to 91.6% with the RSDr from 1.7 to 2.5%; for TEN recoveries was 87.3-88.7±2.6-5.5%, and for AME was in the range 67.6-74.6±1.0-3.5% (Tolgyesi et al, 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Alternarion -AOH Alternariol monomethyl ether -AME The "dilute-and-shoot" method was used in the extraction of ohratoxins, fumonizins, zearalenon and deoxynivalenol from the corn meal, corn flour, wheat flour, rice and bean by Franco et al (2018). Tolgyesi et al (2021) used this method for the Alternaria mycotoxins determination in the tomato-based samples (tomato puree, ketchup and tomato sauce) and different flours (wheat, rye and maize). Sulyok et al (2007) used this kind of extraction for the quantification of 87 analytes (mycotoxins) in food samples.…”

Section: Tentoxin -Tenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scheibenzuber et al ( 2021) dealt with the determination of thirteen Alternaria mycotoxins in beer. These secondary metabolites have also been investigated in tomato-based samples, in different flours, as well as the fruit and vegetable juices (Tolgyesi et al, 2021;Walravens et al, 2016). Gotthardt et al (2019) investigated the presence of six Alternaria mycotoxins in infant food using stable isotope labeled standards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A "dilute-and-shoot" method for the Alternaria mycotoxins determination in wheat

Vuković¹,

Bursić²,

Stojanović³

et al. 2022

Acta agriculturae Serbica

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Alternaria mycotoxins are the secondary metabolites for which the regulations, as well as the standardization, are yet going to be established by the European Commission and the European Committee for Standardization. This paper describes the possibility to apply a "dilute-and-shoot" method for the determination of tentoxin, alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether in wheat. The used chromatographic method was liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The strategy involves extraction the samples with the acetonitrile and water mixture (84/16, v/v), followed by the vortexing, centrifugation and filtration before the injection into the LC-MS/MS system. The recovery was assessed by analysis of spiked samples with a mixture of standard solutions of all three mycotoxins at two spiking levels (0.02 and 0.1 mg kg-1) in six replicates. The obtained average recoveries and precisions (expressed as the RSDr, %) for "dilute-and-shoot" method were 76.3% (RSDr of 6.47%) for alternariol, 105.2% (RSDr of 2.16%) for tentoxin, and 86.0% (RSDr of 3.91%) for alternariol monomethyl ether. All the obtained validation data were in accordance with the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC and Commission Regulation (EC) No 401/2006. The main advantages of the present method are the simple and easy sample preparation, along with the high-sensitivity detection.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Tentoxin -Tenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A "dilute-and-shoot" method for the Alternaria mycotoxins determination in wheat

Vuković¹,

Bursić²,

Stojanović³

et al. 2022

Acta agriculturae Serbica

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“…Based on isotope dilution, five ATs in tomato-based samples were quantified by LC–MS/MS, with a limit of quantification (LOD) lower than 1.0 µg/kg and a recovery of 52.7–111%. The possible matrix effects were compensated by the corresponding isotopically labeled internal standards [ 132 ]. In Belgium, UPLC–MS/MS was applied to quantitate six different ATs in 129 commercial fruit and vegetable juices and tomato products with the preparation and extraction protocol of QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe).…”

Section: Determination Technique Of Mycotoxins In Fruits and Vegetablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination, Detection and Control of Mycotoxins in Fruits and Vegetables

Nan

Xue

2022

Toxins

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Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by pathogenic fungi that colonize fruits and vegetables either during harvesting or during storage. Mycotoxin contamination in fruits and vegetables has been a major problem worldwide, which poses a serious threat to human and animal health through the food chain. This review systematically describes the major mycotoxigenic fungi and the produced mycotoxins in fruits and vegetables, analyzes recent mycotoxin detection technologies including chromatography coupled with detector (i.e., mass, ultraviolet, fluorescence, etc.) technology, electrochemical biosensors technology and immunological techniques, as well as summarizes the degradation and detoxification technologies of mycotoxins in fruits and vegetables, including physical, chemical and biological methods. The future prospect is also proposed to provide an overview and suggestions for future mycotoxin research directions.

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“…ATs are commonly found in cereals [1, [5][6][7], oilseeds [5], fruits and juices [4,5,8,9], vegetables [5,10,11], wine and beer [5,9]. Several reports and review papers [2,[12][13][14][15][16][17] have been published on the occurrence of ATs in foodstuffs worldwide, covering the period 2010-2019.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Alternaria Toxins in Food by SPE and LC-IDMS: Development and In-House Validation of a Candidate Method for Standardisation

Gonçalves

Tölgyesi²,

Bouten

et al. 2022

Separations

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Alternaria toxins (ATs) are frequently found contaminants in foodstuffs (e.g., alternariol), often reaching high concentrations (e.g., tenuazonic acid). They can spoil a wide variety of food categories (e.g., cereals, vegetables, seeds and drinks) and storage at fridge temperatures does not prevent the growth of Alternaria fungi. Therefore, reliable and validated analytical methods are needed to protect human health and to ensure a transparent and fair trade. This paper describes new technical features that improved a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the analysis of ATs in tomato, wheat and sunflower seeds. This analytical method should be simple to implement in different laboratories across the EU and thus be an attractive candidate for standardisation. The major element for improvement was the use of isotopically labelled internal standards, only recently commercially available, thereby reducing the sample handling and improving the accuracy of the results. In addition, the sample extraction and the solid-phase extraction (SPE) enrichment/clean-up were fine-tuned, whereas a more suitable analytical column (XSelect HSS T3) with improved selectivity was also employed. Overall, this method shows adequate precision (repeatability < 5.7% RSD; intermediate precision < 7.0% RSD) and trueness (recoveries ranging from 74% to 112%). The limits of quantification in wheat (the most analytically demanding matrix) vary between 0.19 and 1.40 µg/kg. These figures were deemed satisfactory by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and have formed the basis for a subsequent interlaboratory validation study. The corresponding standard was published by CEN in 2021.

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A Dilute and Shoot Strategy for Determining Alternaria Toxins in Tomato-Based Samples and in Different Flours Using LC-IDMS Separation

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

A "dilute-and-shoot" method for the Alternaria mycotoxins determination in wheat

A "dilute-and-shoot" method for the Alternaria mycotoxins determination in wheat

Contamination, Detection and Control of Mycotoxins in Fruits and Vegetables

Determination of Alternaria Toxins in Food by SPE and LC-IDMS: Development and In-House Validation of a Candidate Method for Standardisation

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