A Determination of the Circulation Rate in Man at Rest and at Work

Boothby, Walter M.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1915.37.2.383

Cited by 68 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Boothby (1915) and Krogh & Lindhard (1917) demonstrated that there is a linear relationship between ƒ H and in Humans during exercise, while Henderson, Haggard & Dolley (1927) and Bock et al . (1928) showed that the relationship is affected by the level of physical fitness of the subjects.…”

Section: Heart Rate Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Measuring metabolic rate in the field: the pros and cons of the doubly labelled water and heart rate methods

et al. 2004

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Summary 1.Measuring the metabolic rate of animals in the field (FMR) is central to the work of ecologists in many disciplines. In this article we discuss the pros and cons of the two most commonly used methods for measuring FMR. 2. Both methods are constantly under development, but at the present time can only accurately be used to estimate the mean rate of energy expenditure of groups of animals. The doubly labelled water method (DLW) uses stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen to trace the flow of water and carbon dioxide through the body over time. From these data, it is possible to derive a single estimate of the rate of oxygen consumption ( ) for the duration of the experiment. The duration of the experiment will depend on the rate of flow of isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen through the body, which in turn depends on the animal's size, ranging from 24 h for small vertebrates to up to 28 days in Humans. 3. This technique has been used widely, partly as a result of its relative simplicity and potential low cost, though there is some uncertainty over the determination of the standard error of the estimate of mean . 4. The heart rate ( f H ) method depends on the physiological relationship between heart rate and . 5. If these two quantities are calibrated against each other under controlled conditions, f H can then be measured in free-ranging animals and used to estimate . 6. The latest generation of small implantable data loggers means that it is possible to measure f H for over a year on a very fine temporal scale, though the current size of the data loggers limits the size of experimental animals to around 1 kg. However, externally mounted radio-transmitters are now sufficiently small to be used with animals of less than 40 g body mass. This technique is gaining in popularity owing to its high accuracy and versatility, though the logistic constraint of performing calibrations can make its use a relatively extended process.

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Section: Heart Rate Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Measuring metabolic rate in the field: the pros and cons of the doubly labelled water and heart rate methods

et al. 2004

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“…Due to the importance of energy balance in species survival, a variety of methods have been developed to measure animal energy expenditure in the field using electronic logging and tracking devices (Wilmers et al, ). For example, heart rate monitors (Boothby, ; Butler, Woakes, Boyd, & Kanatous, ; Krogh & Lindhard, ) and more recently accelerometers have been developed, which provide data that can be used as a proxy for energy expenditure (Wilson et al, ). Similar to heart rate monitors (Butler, Green, Boyd, & Speakman, ), accelerometers can be calibrated with measures of oxygen consumption as a means to quantify overall energy expenditure (Gómez Laich, Wilson, Gleiss, Shepard, & Quintana, ; Halsey et al, ; Halsey, White et al, ; Wilson, Quintana, & Hobson, ; Wilson et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the energy expenditure of free‐ranging polar bears using tri‐axial accelerometers: A validation with doubly labeled water

Pagano

Williams

2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Measures of energy expenditure can be used to inform animal conservation and management, but methods for measuring the energy expenditure of free‐ranging animals have a variety of limitations. Advancements in biologging technologies have enabled the use of dynamic body acceleration derived from accelerometers as a proxy for energy expenditure. Although dynamic body acceleration has been shown to strongly correlate with oxygen consumption in captive animals, it has been validated in only a few studies on free‐ranging animals. Here, we use relationships between oxygen consumption and overall dynamic body acceleration in resting and walking polar bears Ursus maritimus and published values for the costs of swimming in polar bears to estimate the total energy expenditure of 6 free‐ranging polar bears that were primarily using the sea ice of the Beaufort Sea. Energetic models based on accelerometry were compared to models of energy expenditure on the same individuals derived from doubly labeled water methods. Accelerometer‐based estimates of energy expenditure on average predicted total energy expenditure to be 30% less than estimates derived from doubly labeled water. Nevertheless, accelerometer‐based measures of energy expenditure strongly correlated ( r 2 = 0.70) with measures derived from doubly labeled water. Our findings highlight the strengths and limitations in dynamic body acceleration as a measure of total energy expenditure while also further supporting its use as a proxy for instantaneous, detailed energy expenditure in free‐ranging animals.

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“…From the earliest days, workers on respiratory physiology have commented on the approximately linear relationship between pulmonary ventilation and oxygen consumption. Boothby [1915], Lindhard [1915], Smith [1922], Bock, Vancaulaert, Dill, Foiling and Hurxthal [1928], Nielsen [1936], Taylor [1941], Grodins [1950] and Abbot and Bigland [1953], among-many others, have noted this relationship. During light and moderate exercise, when pulmonary ventilation is normally less than 50 1./min.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pulmonary Ventilation as an Index of Energy Expenditure

Durnin

Edwards

1955

Exp Physiol

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1. If, over a considerable range of human activity, it is possible to predict energy expenditure by measurement of ventilation alone, then field surveys can be considerably simplified by reduction of laboratory work; elimination of most of the gas analyses allows more subjects to be studied. 2. Analysis of the results from two field surveys shows that this method of prediction can be utilized with very little increase in error. 3. For each subject in these two surveys a regression line was drawn through the origin using 6 points of determined rates of ventilation and of energy expenditure to calculate the regression coefficient; these rates were reasonably far from zero, e.g. at about 7‐8 kcal./min. 4. Subsequently, prediction of energy output from ventilation alone, using these regression lines, gave an additional error of only about 5 per cent. 5. This technique is not valid when ventilation is low or high and should be restricted to the range of 15‐50 1./min. 6. The application of this procedure in field studies of energy expenditure is discussed.

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A Determination of the Circulation Rate in Man at Rest and at Work

Cited by 68 publications

References 0 publications

Measuring metabolic rate in the field: the pros and cons of the doubly labelled water and heart rate methods

Measuring metabolic rate in the field: the pros and cons of the doubly labelled water and heart rate methods

Estimating the energy expenditure of free‐ranging polar bears using tri‐axial accelerometers: A validation with doubly labeled water

Pulmonary Ventilation as an Index of Energy Expenditure

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