A descriptive spatial analysis of bovine tuberculosis in intensively controlled cattle farms in New Zealand

Porphyre, Thibaud; McKenzie, Joanna; Stevenson, M.A.

doi:10.1051/vetres:2007003

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…In many countries, the presence of wildlife reservoirs endemically infected poses a challenge to bTB eradication schemes. Examples of such reservoirs include the European badger ( Meles meles ) in Great Britain and Ireland [21], [22] or the brushtail possum ( Trichosurus vulpecula ) in New Zealand [19]. In Spain, the Eurasian wild boar ( Sus scrofa ), the red deer ( Cervus elaphus ) and the fallow deer ( Dama dama ) have been identified as bTB maintenance hosts [23], [24], [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Investigation of Bovine Tuberculosis Herd Breakdowns in Spain 2009/2011

et al. 2014

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We analyzed the most likely cause of 687 bovine tuberculosis (bTB) breakdowns detected in Spain between 2009 and 2011 (i.e., 22% of the total number of breakdowns detected during this period). Seven possible causes were considered: i) residual infection; ii) introduction of infected cattle from other herds; iii) sharing of pastures with infected herds; iv) contiguous spread from infected neighbor herds; v) presence of infected goats in the farm; vi) interaction with wildlife reservoirs and vii) contact with an infected human. For each possible cause a decision tree was developed and key questions were included in each of them. Answers to these key questions lead to different events within each decision tree. In order to assess the likelihood of occurrence of the different events a qualitative risk assessment approach was used. For this purpose, an expert opinion workshop was organized and ordinal values, ranging from 0 to 9 (i.e., null to very high likelihood of occurrence) were assigned. The analysis identified residual infection as the most frequent cause of bTB breakdowns (22.3%; 95%CI: 19.4–25.6), followed by interaction with wildlife reservoirs (13.1%; 95%CI: 10.8–15.8). The introduction of infected cattle, sharing of pastures and contiguous spread from infected neighbour herds were also identified as relevant causes. In 41.6% (95%CI: 38.0–45.4) of the breakdowns the origin of infection remained unknown.Veterinary officers conducting bTB breakdown investigations have to state their opinion about the possible cause of each breakdown. Comparison between the results of our analysis and the opinion from veterinary officers revealed a slight concordance. This slight agreement might reflect a lack of harmonized criteria to assess the most likely cause of bTB breakdowns as well as different perceptions about the importance of the possible causes. This is especially relevant in the case of the role of wildlife reservoirs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Investigation of Bovine Tuberculosis Herd Breakdowns in Spain 2009/2011

et al. 2014

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“…generalized linear geostatistical models (GLGMs) [5, chapter 4] to analyse the data. To date, spatial association of infection in cattle has been mainly studied using nearest neighbour methods [6][7][8][9][10]. However, unlike GLGMs, these methods do not allow for spatial variation in population density, do not take covariates into account, or do not establish the range of clustering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial clustering of TB-infected cattle herds prior to and following proactive badger removal

Kelly

2010

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYBovine tuberculosis (TB) is primarily a disease of cattle. In both Ireland and the UK, badgers (Meles meles) are an important wildlife reservoir of infection. This paper examined the hypothesis that TB is spatially correlated in cattle herds, established the range of correlation and the effect, if any, of proactive badger removal on this. We also re-analysed data from the Four Area Project in Ireland, a large-scale intervention study aimed at assessing the effect of proactive badger culling on bovine TB incidence in cattle herds, taking possible spatial correlation into account. We established that infected herds are spatially correlated (the scale of spatial correlation is presented), but at a scale that varies with time and in different areas. Spatial correlation persists following proactive badger removal.

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“…Several wild mammal species are implicated in the maintenance and transmission of Mycobacterium bovis infection and thereby impede national bovine TB control programs and international trade (Cousins, 2001;Palmer, 2007). Well-known examples of wildlife maintenance hosts include Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) in Great Britain and Ireland (Clifton-Hadley et al, 1993;Griffin et al, 2005), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the United States (Schmitt et al, 1997;O'Brien et al, 2002O'Brien et al, , 2006, brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) in New Zealand (Coleman et al, 2006;Porphyre et al, 2007), wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Spain (Gortázar et al, 2003;Naranjo et al, 2008), and African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in South Africa (Michel et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal-side serologic assay for rapid detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection in multiple species of free-ranging wildlife

Lyashchenko¹,

Greenwald²,

Esfandiari³

et al. 2008

Veterinary Microbiology

118

108

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Lyashchenko, K.P.; Greenwald, R.; Esfandiari, J.; Chambers, M.A.; Vicente, J.; Gortazar, C.; Santos, N.; Correia-Neves, M.; Buddle, B.M.; Jackson, R.; O'Brien, D.J.; Schmitt, S.; Palmer, M. V.; Delahay, R.J.; and Waters, W.R., "Animal-side serologic assay for rapid detection of Mycobacterium Bovis infection in multiple species of free-ranging wildlife" (2008 AbstractNumerous species of mammals are susceptible to Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (TB). Several wildlife hosts have emerged as reservoirs of M. bovis infection for domestic livestock in different countries. In the present study, blood samples were collected from Eurasian badgers (n = 1532), white-tailed deer (n = 463), brushtail possums (n = 129), and wild boar (n = 177) for evaluation of antibody responses to M. bovis infection by a lateral-flow rapid test (RT) and multiantigen print immunoassay (MAPIA). Magnitude of the antibody responses and antigen recognition patterns varied among the animals as determined by MAPIA; however, MPB83 was the most commonly recognized antigen for each host studied. Other seroreactive antigens included ESAT-6, CFP10, and MPB70. The agreement of the RT with culture results varied from 74% for possums to 81% for badgers to 90% for wild boar to 97% for white-tailed deer. Small numbers of wild boar and deer exposed to M. avium infection or paratuberculosis, respectively, did not cross-react in the RT, supporting the high specificity of the assay. In deer, whole blood samples reacted similarly to corresponding serum specimens (97% concordance), demonstrating the potential for field application. As previously demonstrated for badgers and deer, antibody responses to M. bovis infection in wild boar were positively associated with advanced disease. Together, these findings suggest that a rapid TB assay such as the RT This article is a U.S. government work, and is not subject to copyright in the United States.may provide a useful screening tool for certain wildlife species that may be implicated in the maintenance and transmission of M. bovis infection to domestic livestock. #

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A descriptive spatial analysis of bovine tuberculosis in intensively controlled cattle farms in New Zealand

Cited by 18 publications

References 21 publications

Epidemiological Investigation of Bovine Tuberculosis Herd Breakdowns in Spain 2009/2011

Epidemiological Investigation of Bovine Tuberculosis Herd Breakdowns in Spain 2009/2011

Spatial clustering of TB-infected cattle herds prior to and following proactive badger removal

Animal-side serologic assay for rapid detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection in multiple species of free-ranging wildlife

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