A Descriptive Chemical Composition of Concentrated Bud Macerates through an Optimized SPE-HPLC-UV-MS2 Method—Application to Alnus glutinosa, Ribes nigrum, Rosa canina, Rosmarinus officinalis and Tilia tomentosa

Abstract

Concentrated bud macerates (CBMs) are obtained from meristematic tissues such as buds and young shoots by maceration in a solvent composed of glycerin, water and ethanol (1/1/1/, v/v). Their traditional utilization in gemmotherapy has gained interest in the past years, and the knowledge of their chemical characterization can provide commercial arguments, particularly to secure their quality control. Therefore, an optimized method for phytochemical analysis including glycerol removal by a preliminary solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by compound identification using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra-violet and tandem mass detectors (HPLC-UV-MS2) was developed. This method was applied on 5 CBMs obtained from Alnus glutinosa, Ribesnigrum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Rosa canina and Tilia tomentosa in order to determinate their chemical composition. Their antioxidant effects were also investigated by radical scavenging activity assays (DPPH and ORAC). Glycerol removal improved the resolution of HPLC chemical profiles and allowed us to perform TLC antioxidant screening. Our approach permitted the identification of 57 compounds distributed in eight major classes, three of them being common to all macerates including nucleosides, phenolic acids and glycosylated flavonoids. Quantification of the later class as a rutin equivalent (RE) showed a great disparity between Rosa canina macerate (809 mg RE/L), and the other ones (from 175 to 470 mg RE/L). DPPH and ORAC assays confirmed the great activity of Rosa canina (4857 and 6479 μmol TE/g of dry matter, respectively). Finally, phytochemical and antioxidant analysis of CBMs strengthened their phytomedicinal interest in the gemmotherapy field.

The Study of Chemical Profile and Antioxidant Properties of Poplar-Type Polish Propolis Considering Local Flora Diversity in Relation to Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities in Human Breast Cancer Cells

“…[ 47 ]. Similarly, in the case of flavonoids (chrysin, pinobanksin, pinocembrin, naringenin, sakuranetin) identified in EEPs, their occurrence has been reported in many plant buds [ 43 , 48 ].…”

Evaluation of Cosmetic and Dermatological Properties of Kombucha-Fermented Berry Leaf Extracts Considered to Be By-Products

“…The following are available online at , Table S1: Characterization of metabolites identified in Rubus fruticosus extract by HPLC-MS in negative ion mode [ 24 , 77 , 78 ]; Table S2: Characterization of metabolites identified in Ribes nigrum. extract by HPLC-MS in negative ion mode [ 26 , 79 ]; Table S3: Characterization of metabolites identified in Fragaria vesca . extract by HPLC-MS in negative ion mode [ 27 , 80 ]; Table S4: Characterization of metabolites identified in Vaccinum myrtillus .…”

Rosemary: Unrevealing an old aromatic crop as a new source of promising functional food additive—A review

“…Elyemni et al (2019) and Akhbari et al (2018) developed a modern microwave-assisted hydrodistillation in their studies, which can significantly improve the extraction efficiency and provide the desired REO with much more oxygenated compounds than those of traditional methods while ensuring the same REO yield. A number of other related studies have also been carried out to establish new methodologies to assist the extraction of REO by water distillation toward different improvement effects, such as ultrasoundassisted extraction (UAE) (Munekata et al, 2020), high voltage electrical discharge extraction (Nutrizio et al, 2020), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) (Bodea et al, 2022), simultaneous distillation-extraction (Ribeiro et al, 2021), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) (Lefebvre et al, 2021), solid phase extraction (Charpentier et al, 2022), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) (Hirondart et al, 2020), and vacuum fractional distillation (Silvestre et al, 2019), and most of the innovative methods have higher extraction efficiency than that of traditional hydrodistillation .…”

“…The main common polyphenols in the aqueous extracts of rosemary were catechin hydrate, ferulic acid, rosmarinic acid, epicatechin‐3‐ O ‐gallate, caffeic acid, sinapic acid, chlorogenic acid, p‐ coumaric acid, isoquercitrin, resorcinol, and isorhamnetin‐3‐ O ‐glucoside (Jalloul et al., 2022; Ozarowski et al., 2013; Sharma et al., 2020). Among these, ferulic acid and rosmarinic acid were two of the most main phenolic acids of rosemary with concentrations up to 97.53 and 74.64 mg/100 g of extract, respectively (Charpentier et al., 2022).…”