“…This element of performance training is perceived as essential and part of the unique offer of the conservatoire; it is a ‘central and dominant facet of conservatoire life’ (Perkins, 2013b, p. 204), but there are researchers who argue that institutions weight the aesthetics of performance too strongly. Turner (2004), for example, claims that the conservatoire’s dominant ideology and value system is performance rather than learning (also see Carey, 2010; Ford, 2010) while López-Íñiguez and Bennett (2020) evidence that musicians who privilege learning over performance are more likely to thrive in the long term. This connects with the product–process debate suggesting conservatoires as sites of behaviourist principles (Carey et al, 2013) generating competitive environments and unequal opportunities (Perkins, 2013b).…”